However, these features entailed a significant increase in the weight of the car. To compensate for the A. A. Lipgart has decided to abandon of the frame spars and gave preference to the carrier body, paying attention to ensure its strength and rigidity at torsion. It was an unprecedented case in world practice. It is interesting to note that the body of the ZIS-110 weighed 809 pounds, with a frame — 209 kg, while the body of the GAZ-12, which also performed the function of frame, weighed 982 pounds.
In accordance with the original job, a new car must be a six-seater. However, A. A. Lipgart has found the possibility of expanding the rear seat. He pushed the niche of the rear wheels, increasing to 1450 mm track rear axle. This decision, in turn, caused an increase in the width of the body. So the rear wings made the speakers. From the design point of view, this move will visually cut the monotony of an overly-long body side.
Fig. 2. Front suspension.
Fig. 3. The dashboard of the car GAZ-12:
1 — the lever of a manual brake, 2 — arm left hood lock, 3 — lever control, grille, 4 — arm switch of turn indicators, 5 — steering wheel 6 — button signals, 7 — warning lamp for hand brake, 8 — gear, 9 — speedometer, 10 and 14 — windshield wipers 11 — radio 12 — button wiper switch, 13 — hours, 15 — glove box, 16 — control knob to the flap channel air flow units, 17 — arm right hood lock, 18 — handle hatch cover, heater radiator, 19 — button switch to the starter. 20 — button control throttle valves of the carburetor, 21 — gas pedal 22 is a brake pedal, 23 clutch, 24 — foot switch light headlight, 25 — ignition switch, 26 — button choke control carb.
GAZ-12 along with the listed design features is different from the propeller shaft with intermediate support, oil cooler, grille, warning lamps, signaling a tightened manual brake and high (over 95°) the temperature of the water in the cooling system.
And the engine? Basically, it’s a six-cylinder engine GAZ-11, the design of which Gorky began in 1937. Its release launched in 1940, and it was used on passenger cars GAZ-11-73 GAZ-61, as well as on light tanks and self-propelled guns of the great Patriotic war and trucks GAZ-51.
Power 76 HP that this engine has developed a “passenger” version, and especially 70 HP truck (GAZ-51) for the GAZ-12 was not enough. Therefore, the engine is boosted, raising the power to 90 BHP at 3600 Rev/min raised to 6.7 units of compression (the fuel — gasoline with an octane rating of at least 70), increased cross-section intake ports, replaced the single-carb twin, and designed a new intake and exhaust manifolds. By the way, the modification of this engine was subsequently found on the bus the GROOVE-652Б, crawler transporters GAZ-47.
The use of the engine based on the already developed design, greatly accelerated and simplified the development of the GAZ-12. By the way, it should be noted that in the new car about half of the parts of the engine, transmission, suspension, brakes were borrowed from the already descended, then, from the conveyor GAZ-51 and GAZ-20.
On the basis of units of GAZ-12 was afterwards made interesting racing sports cars.
Fig. 4. GAZ-12B for medical services.
Fig. 5. A prototype car with open back.
Fig. 6. “Avangard-8” — racing car on the basis of units of GAZ-12.
Gorky automobile plant in the USSR championship of 1951 road race put the GAZ-12 with increased compression ratio (from 6.7 to 7.2 units) and power (90 HP at 3600 rpm to 100 HP at 3800 rpm). The engine had a serial dual carburetor K-21, and the transmission introduced additional transmissions (Overdrive) with remote electric start. Top speed was 142 km/h. Well-streamlined record-racing car “vanguard” has created a group of enthusiasts at the Kharkov transport engineering plant named after Malyshev. The car had rear-mounted power unit, the clutch, the box changes gear, steering parts and braking system from the GAZ-12. The working volume of engines decreased due to the use of liners and pistons Ø 75 mm up to 3485 2992 cm3. First, the engine had the cylinder head with the upper intake valves and in the latter case (“vanguard-3”) steel top and exhaust valves. At a compression ratio of 8.1 and the blower rotary type power was 150 HP at 400 rpm In 1952 racer I. Pomogailo on “Vanguard-1” has reached the speed 230,7 km/h and then “Vanguard-3” brought it to 271 km/h.
The group of athletes under the guidance of V. N. Kosenkova in the Leningrad taksopark № 1 1960 built several sports cars based on the nodes and accelerated (up to 100-105 HP) engine of the GAZ-12. The maximum speed of these machines, called KVN-3500, reached 170 km/h.
GAS 12 quickly won the recognition of motorists and successfully operated. The success of the creators of this machine is highly appreciated birthplace: ten workers of the Gorky automobile plant, among whom was chief designer A. A. Lipgart and the current chief designer of the plant for passenger cars N. A. Yushmanov, was awarded the State prize.
GAZ-12 with a closed four-door sedan, the designers of Gas has created a machine with an open body. However, it is not commercially produced. In 1955 began production of the GAZ-12B ambulance for medical assistance. In the cabin of the car was a stretcher and two folding seats mounted on the right side one after the other. The stretchers are put forward through a lifting hatch in the rear wall of the trunk. The car was equipped with a headlamp with a red cross badge, placed over the windscreen, swivel the headlight on the left front fender, the box of medicines and glazed partition behind the front seats.
In 1959 GAZ-12 yielded a new, more advanced model GAZ-13 “Chaika”, and in 1960, discontinued and production of GAZ-12B. Many of them are nevertheless still in service.
TIPS ON MODELING
Body GAZ-12, although it has the generalized form is characterized by the presence of a large number of small elements, accurate reproduction which means a lot to the reflection in the model of the exterior of the car. It is necessary to pay attention to the relief of the punch of the engine hood, a longitudinal “crease” on the front wing section of the boards facing of a radiator and the outer parts of the bumper. However, in the production of bumpers should exercise special care. A very complex form with smooth transitions have their fangs. Best of all these items (there are four on the car) to take a leak and accurately process the front surface.
Other small, but important similarities to the original models of parts we call upper cross bar radiator trim with longitudinal split line, the flap over the tube of the gas tank on the upper rear edge of the left rear fender, pull out the telescopic antenna on the left front fender. Swivel air vents are provided only in the front doors, and hanging doors themselves are made so that the front open during the machine, and back against. This is evident in the location of the door handles. Recall that all the doors on this car hidden.
Glass flat. Only the back bent. (By the way, the GAZ-12 was the first Soviet car, where they found the use of curved glass.)
Another important detail: the front part of the hood of the car was decorated with framed chrome bezel red flag, which at night is illuminated light bulb. However, if you want to electrify lighting your model, keep in mind that the GAZ-12 was not yet equipped with flashing direction indicators. The glass of the rear lights was a dark red color.
The car had very carefully worked surface of the outer body panels. Graphic linking sections of the body in the drawings allowed us to obtain such a surface shape, which gave the right, smooth, without sharp bends light lines and highlights. And on the scale of the model, applying layers of putty and sanding the surface to achieve the correct pancakes, controlling their shape when the lighting model is precise diffused light source.
The abundance of decorative chrome parts, many of which are large and reduction should have a very small cross section, also the specific vehicle. Here is their list: bumpers, radiator grille and front ornament emblem, headlamp rim, front and rear lights, wheel caps, door handles and protective covers on both front doors over the door locks, vent on the hood sides, the antenna and its nest. In addition to these traditional decorative details, call moldings on the sidewall of the body, rear wing, window of the body (above the waistline), lining (right and left) on the lower front of the rear wing, the longitudinal strip of the hood, leashes wipers, window frames.
As for the interior, the steering wheel and a row of buttons on the instrument panel is covered with plastic ivory, the panel is trimmed under a walnut tree. The upholstery of seats and doors, dark brown or beige drape.
The car was painted predominantly in black color, private parties were dark gray and dark green. Tires with white sidewalls were only on exhibition copies. Car GAZ-12B had a light cream color. From taxis along the belt line put the band in the “checkerboard”.
The wheels ivory. The inscription “ZIM” (on machines earlier releases) or “GAS” on the wheel caps red.
The license plate is rectangular with white letters and numbers on a black field or black on yellow. Writing six-digit numbers: two letters separated by a hyphen and two groups of digits.
L. SHUGUROV, engineer
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Sixty-nine years ago, the Gorky automobile plant received the assignment to develop a new six-passenger model. She had to fill the gap between mass four-cylinder “Victory” and representative ZIS-110. He had planned to deliver a boosted six-cylinder engine GAZ-11. Its standard version has already been used on the truck GAZ-51. Designing and preparing to manufacture a new car, which subsequently received index GAZ-12 ZIM, conducted in a very short time. Just five years later, in late 1950, began serial production.