Did you know that the first domestic car, which became the hero of a thousand jokes became legendary minicar, created at Zaporizhia automobile building plant? If a quick “flip through” a hefty volume of the complete collection of the works of the oral creativity of the Soviet people, one of its most significant chapters will probably be entitled “Jokes about “Zaporozhets” And this is a sign of the unprecedented popularity of this machine have a Soviet man that went from “hunchback” ZAZ-965 and “eared” ZAZ-966 front-wheel drive cars, the first of which was the ZAZ-1102 “Tavria”.
The design of the ZAZ car with front wheel drive began in 1970, Dozens of options the designers went through before I decided to stay in the only the layout of the machine — three-door hatchback with a transversely mounted four-cylinder liquid-cooled engine, it Should be noted that the same arrangement has become the main and in the design of front-wheel drive “g” on the Volga automobile plant.
The car was quite an interesting three-Door body turned out quite durable, tough and easy enough, the trunk is spacious (250 l), and if you fold forward the rear seat, the volume was increased to 700 liters, even more than the VAZ-2108!
Under the hood of the car besides the engine with serving its units, the designers also placed the spare tire From the trunk became more spacious, however, by today’s standards, this arrangement of “reserve” lowers the level of passive safety of the car “Tavria” and so are not too large.
3-1103 “Slavuta”
The ancestor of the modern “Tavria” and “slavut” — ZAZ-965A, nicknamed “the hunchback”—the cheapest and most popular Soviet car
Unlike all the “Cossacks”, who had a four-cylinder V-type engines of air cooling, the “Tavria” equipped with engine MeMZ-245 — row “Quartet” liquid-cooled overhead-camshaft, its working volume amounted to 1,091 liters and has a capacity of 48 l with the Engine located in the engine compartment, in front of the body, transversely with tilt back 10 degrees Constructively motor linked to a compact power unit that still includes the clutch mechanism, gearbox and main gear Drives the camshaft and coolant pump are made blocksupdate belt.
Clutch dry, single plate with elastic driven disk is provided with a vibration damper and a diaphragm clutch spring Drive clutch control from the pedal to the fork — rope.
Transmission — mechanical, five-speed, and the fourth and fifth transmission — accelerating transmission made in the same crankcase with the main gear box crankcase cast from magnesium alloy and has outer fins that increase its rigidity.
Main gear consists of a pair of cylindrical helical gears Box differential cast iron front wheel Drive by two hinge shafts, each of which represents a node that consists of two hinges of equal angular speeds — external and internal.
The scheme of the car ZAZ-1102 “Tavria”
Hatchback ZAZ-1102 “Tavria” issue 1988 — the firstborn of a new family of front wheel drive cars Zaporizhia automobile building plant
3АЗ-1105 Tavria (“Dana”) is a five-door wagon with increased capacity
The front suspension from “Tavria” — a classic for a car of this type, independent type McPherson (“swinging candle”) with suspension struts, each of which has a spring and buffer compression, which is the elastic suspension elements by the Way, this suspension in time became the basic for almost all front wheel drive cars developed by the Soviet auto industry.
Rear suspension — semi, lever, with a connecting cross member made in the form of a beam of low-alloy steel that everything is a stabilizer bar while driving To a beam welded on the brackets, through which the suspension is articulated with silent-blocks fastened to the body of the Hydraulic shock absorbers — double acting telescopic type — they are arranged almost the same as the shock absorbers of the front suspension.
In design, the car used many non-traditional solutions One of the main is a device similar units that use diskless wheels, which reduced the so-called unsprung masses.
Technical characteristics of the car “Tavria” and “Slavuta”
The wheels are made of forged rings welded to the rims with a rim diameter 13 inches (330 mm) Each of the wheels is attached by three studs using three screws with conical bearing surfaces: front — wheel and rear — brake drum.
The reduction in unsprung weight also contributes to the original design of the front disk brake having a disk ring with an inner circumference of the brake bracket rear Brake — drum.
Steering gear — rack type, with enhanced reliability and promotes good perception of the road by the driver.
The ignition system of the engine battery, non-contact, rated voltage 12 V it Consists of sensor-distributor, switch, coil, spark plugs and high voltage wires connecting the power Circuit of the primary winding of the coil is interrupted by means of electronic switch controlled electronic switch in the gauge-allocator of ignition.
The layout of the car ZAZ-1102 “Tavria”
Engine MeMZ-245 (working volume 1,091 liters capacity 53 HP)
The controls and instrumentation of the car ZAZ-1102 “Tavria”:
1 — the switch of light of headlights; 2 — the switch of indexes of turn; 3 — sun visors; 4 — instrument; 5 — sound signal; 6 — control wiper and washer; 7 — mirror; 8 — wheel; 9, 11 — regulators louver baffle; 10 — radio; 12 — control of the heater valve; 13 — ashtray; 14 — glovebox; 15 — the lever transmission; 16 — air heater; 17 — the Parking brake; 18 — gas pedal; 19 — controlling the fan of a heater; 20 — the switch of external illumination; 21 — the brake pedal; 22 — the choke control carburetor (choke); 23 — connector connecting the bulb-carrying; 24 — clutch pedal; 25 — the lever of the hood latch; 26 — ignition switch; 27 — button alarm.
The front suspension of the car Tavria McPherson-type:
1 — the top support of a telescopic rack; 2 — spring of suspension; 3 — buffer compression; 4 — strut; 5 — lower control arm; 6 — wheel; 7 — the drive shaft to the hinge joint; 8 — a brake disk ring type.
The rear suspension of the car ZAZ-1102 Tavria:
1 — wheel; 2 — the lever of the rear suspension; 3 — beam; 4 — spring; 5 — isolator; 6 — hub.
The instrument cluster of the car Tavria:
1 — a speedometer; 2 — main beam warning lamp; 3 — a control lamp of malfunction of brake system; 4 — bulb-repeater turn indicators; 5 — fuel gauge; 6 — temperature cooling system; 7 — control lamp battery; 8 — a control lamp of emergency pressure of oil.
Ergonomic driver’s seat — at the level of modern cars in this class, and the dashboard design though is extremely simplified, but it is convenient for viewing by the driver And on the track and on city streets the car behaves well in Small dimensions, good visibility and quite decent maneuverability and throttle response allows the driver to feel on an equal footing with owners of other cars, and good stability “Tavria” and a large range of adjustments of the front seats allow it in one go without fatigue to travel long distances on country roads.
Thanks to the leading front wheels have a sufficiently high stability and good handling characteristics, even on slippery roads.
Produced and such a model “Tavria” with back door bucket
Last modification of “Tavria” — a five-door hpcac in the form of a sedan ZAZ-1103 “Slavuta”
Scheme of ZAZ-1103 “Slavuta”
One of the main elements of active safety of the machine is a double-circuit brakes with diagonal piping diagram Passive safety is provided by the body structure, thanks to which in the accident is absorbed by the impact energy and retained given the space in the cabin in addition, the car is equipped with inertia seat belts, upholstered b-pillars and energy-consuming bumpers of impact-resistant modified polypropylene, collapsible steering column and the windscreen of a three-layer laminated glass.
Interestingly, the “Tavria” inherited from “Cossacks” quite a decent off — she behaves bad on the road due to the large ground clearance, small overhangs and a smooth bottom.
When driving Tavriya on country roads the engine consumes only 4.8 liters of fuel per 100 km (at 90 km/h), and on the streets — 7.2 l Incidentally, the maximum speed of “Tavria” is 132 km/h, while acceleration of the machine up to a speed of 100 km/h — 24 s
Serial production of ZAZ-1102 began in 1987, and six years later the plant mastered a new modification of the car, dubbed the ZAZ-1105 Tavria (later it was renamed “Dana”), a five-Door car with a body type “universal” had the same powertrain and the same suspension.
The front of the cabin of the car “Slavuta”.
The Trunk “Slavuta”.
Under the hood, “Slavuta” and placed the engine and spare wheel.
Serial production of the next incarnation of “Tavria” — hatchback ZAZ-1103 “Slavuta”, constructed with participation of experts of the Korean company Daewoo, started in 1997, the Car though and got a new 1.3-liter engine with a capacity of 63 liters with , but the design of it compared to the ZAZ-1102 has not changed too much However, in contrast to the “Tavria” standard steering wheel “luxury” (ZAZ-110308-01 “Slavuta”) includes the vacuum brake booster, Central locking, electric front Windows, heated rear window, radio and four speakers, and air duct for heating the feet of the rear passengers.
In profile, the car can be mistaken for a sedan, but the rear is not the trunk lid, and the fifth door, so technically “Slavuta” is still a hatchback (sometimes these body-hybrids called the liftback).
The capacity of the compartment in comparison with the “brand” has not changed — four adults in “Slavuta” is also a bit crowded, but in a “2+2” (two adults and two children) the machine is quite comfortable.
The instrument panel has not changed and the speedometer read still easy But the driver still lacks a tach, However, pleased with the appearance of the so-called econometer, allowing you to choose the most economical rate of movement.
Hatchback ZAZ-1102 “Tavria”
Universal ZAZ-1105 Tavria (“Dana”).
ZAZ-1103 “Slavuta”
The transmission gear ratios are chosen well, which allows the car to accelerate to “hundreds” for 17.1 Interesting that after 80 km/h the car “asks” include fifth gear with regard to maximum speed, then, according to the test, move on stated plant 150 km/h is better not to be — already at 145 km/h light machine begins to literally glide over the road So the maximum that you can afford on a decent track is 120 km/h at this speed econometr arrow indicates the optimal fuel consumption is about 6.5 l/100 km.
If the reader will raise the question about purchase “Slavuta”, then, according to experts, here you need to really think the fact that this car was designed very well, but here’s the Assembly After driving 1,500 miles after purchasing the car the owner will have to spend THAT 1 machine is the necessary broach the undercarriage, the cylinder head, adjust valves, oil change in motor and gear box and replace the air and oil filters — all this will cost the buyer dearly later, However, repairs for any tech-savvy motorist will not be unnecessarily complicated — the machine is very simple and maintainable, except that the parts to find in Russian stores is hard enough However, the price of “Slavuta” and VAZ classics are quite comparable, and ZAZ-110З compared to the VAZ-2105 looks more modern example.
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