Heat the water to 50-60° can setting developed by the participants NTTM special design Bureau No. 1 of the Institute of power engineering Institute imeni G. M. Krzhizhanovskogo. Interestingly, there is no furnace or heaters. Replaces them… the sun. This setup is especially desirable in those areas of the country where local fuel is missing, and the cost of imported quite high.
How is a solar water heater? This rolling-welded panels of aluminum alloy, covered with black paint. They are set at such an angle that teplovosprinimajushchimi their plane is perpendicular to solar beams. Due to this the sun pretty quickly heats the panels and the water inside them starts to circulate the warm rises to the top of the panels and further through the pipe in the storage tank, and cold tank fed by gravity into the lower part of the panels, heats up, moves up and the cycle repeats. Insulation installation is provided by the foam and glass “greenhouse” cover.
Even in the middle belt of the country setting can give in Sunny weather, about 200 liters of hot water per day.
But this original portable heater (Fig. right), acting also without fire, was developed by NTTM participants of the Kiev Institute VNIEKIEM. It is designed for individual use at low temperatures, for example, to warm hands and body builders while working in the frost. This so-called catalytic heater, in which heat is obtained by chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen taking place on the surface of heated metal catalyst.
Solar water heater:
1 — water tank, 2 — teplovosprinimajushchimi panel, 3 — pipe.
Catalytic heater:
1 — cap, 2 — diaphragm ring 3 — case heaters, 4 — tank.
The heater consists of a tank made of thermal insulation beyond the impact of gasoline material, for example, hard rubber, and the body in which a diaphragm valve and catalytic nozzle and removable cap. The tank is filled with technical wool and fueled by gasoline. To bring the device need to remove the cap to drip on the catalytic nozzle a few drops of alcohol and then light it on fire. After combustion the hot water bottle put on the cap and all preparatory part is finished, the device is “running”.
Why did it take an alcohol crush? When the combustion catalyst is heated, and its surface begins the interaction of vapours with air. The reaction of oxidation of fuel accompanied by the release of large amounts of heat. Suffice it to say that the surface temperature of the catalyst achieves 250-400°.
The heat output of the heaters is adjusted by changing the size of the hole diaphragm shutter, which transmits fuel to the catalyst. For this lever the shutter is gated through the slot in the housing outside and is driven by a ring located on the housing.
During operation, the heater only consumes about 2.5 grams of gasoline per hour. It weighs, along with the fuel a little more than 200 g.
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