Emerging in recent local military conflicts have shown the necessity of creation and adoption of the armies of new models of armored vehicles, highly maneuverable and at the same time highly secure. Military units often have to conduct combat actions in isolation from the main forces fighting against well-armed enemy. According to military experts, every unit participating in battle, must be mobile, have increased firepower, have a considerable reserve.
In a number of countries are establishing mobile samples of wheeled infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers and armored cars. It is believed that such machines will soon be a significant part of the tank Park land forces.
One of the latest Russian developments was the BTR-90 “sprout”, continuing the family widely known for the BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80. Vosmiklasnica these machines have already proven themselves in military operation, participated in combat operations in various parts of the globe, being on arms of armies of many countries of the world.
The BTR-90 (GAZ-5923) was developed at the Arzamas machine-building plant (JSC “Military-industrial company”) together with the Department of production cars “Gorky automobile plant” (JSC “GAZ”). A prototype machine was manufactured in 1994 and first shown at the exhibition “Weapons, military equipment, conversion” in Nizhny Novgorod in the same year. Testing was completed in 2004.
Tower BTR-90:
1 – 30-mm 2A42 gun; 2 – 7.62-mm PKT machine-gun; 3 – a combined sight gunner BPKZ-42; 4 – periscopic device of the driver; 5 – voodooray flap; 6 – cover of the driver’s hatch; 7 – hatch cover gunner; 8 – launcher missiles; 9 – panoramic surveillance device commander 1ПЗ-3; 10 – cover of the hatch of the commander; 11 — the radio antenna; a 12 – unit smoke grenade launchers
Rostok is significantly superior to their predecessors in basic parameters – mobility, protection, firepower. The APC distinguished combat weapons, reinforced armor, improved layout. So, its welded hull is composed of armor plates of increased thickness and reliably protects the crew from high-caliber bullets, shrapnel of artillery shells and mines of small caliber. Upper frontal hull is completely flat, it removed the observation window, although protected in the early samples of the tank’s covers, lower – mounted with more rational angle. Significantly strengthened anti-mine protection, the bottom of the car more resistant to the effects of the shock wave from the explosion has a V-shape.
The PENETRATION of the 2A42 CANNON PROJECTILES (at an angle of 60° to the normal)
The hull of the BTR-90 is divided into branch management, fighting and troop. This was facilitated by the location of the armored tower of the combat unit from infantry fighting vehicles BMP-2. Previously in cars such separation did not exist, creating the likelihood zabronevogo of shrapnel shells the whole crew at once.
Combat unit allowed to drastically increase the level of arms. Now the car has put a 30-mm 2A42 automatic gun with a barrel length of 30 klb. It became possible to fight not only against enemy manpower, armored vehicles, even helicopters and low-flying aircraft.
The BTR-90. The view from the stern. Right under the Board – one of the two water-jet propulsion with three blade propeller intended for the movement afloat. On top of the Board is a wing-float
The troop compartment armored vehicle. Along the sides are traumatische suspension seat with built-in shock absorbers
2A42 automatic cannon designed by A. shipunova and V. gryazeva was developed at the Tula machine-building factory and there became mass-produced since 1980 Shooting out of it is armor-piercing, armor-piercing and high-explosive shells. Light armored vehicles may be affected at distances up to 1500 m, and the armor-piercing shell БР8 weight of 300 g, having a muzzle velocity of 1120 m/s, this range breaks at an angle of 60° rolled armor thickness up to 25 mm, and shell РМС303 – even up to 43 mm. gun Ammunition is 500 rounds. The fire is small rate – 200 – 300 RDS./min or greater rate – 500 – 800 RDS./min, but there are single shots. The power – band of the ammunition boxes. Horizontal guidance – circular, vertical aiming angles -5° – +75°.
Together with a 30-mm cannon in the tower there is coaxial 7.62-mm PKT (Kalashnikov machine gun tank). Its effective range target is 1500 m and the maximum -3800 m. the Practical rate of fire of 250 RDS./min. amount Ammunition 2500 rounds.
On Board the armored vehicle has a automatic grenade launcher AG-17. The main purpose of it is to destroy enemy manpower and fire weapons located outside shelters, in open trenches and trenches, located behind the terrain and on the reverse slopes of the heights. His frag grenades ВОГ17/17M, having a total weight of 280 g and the mass of the VV – 35 g, with the explosion give the radius of up to 7 m. the Firing from the grenade launcher can be single shots or bursts at range (sighting) to 1700 m.
AG is equipped with a prismatic optical sight PAG-17 with magnification of 2.5 x. Ammunition AG – 400 grenades.
The most effective means of dealing with armored vehicles is on Board a BTR-90 anti-tank missile system 9K111-1M “Konkurs-M” (ATGM) anti-tank guided missiles 9М113 (ATGM).
“The contest” was developed in the Tula Instrument design Bureau and entered service in 1991, Its purpose is to fight against heavy armor, destruction engineering and fortifications. The range of the missiles 9М113М up to 4000 m, with a tandem warhead, the missile is able to penetrate the armor thickness up to 800 mm meet angle 0° and up to 300 mm – when it is tilted 60°. Note that, for example, the main Chinese tank “Type 99” is the thickness of the frontal armor of the hull, equal to 500 – 600 mm, turret frontal – 700 mm. the American M1A1 “Abrams” they are equivalent to 650 mm and 850 mm, respectively, for the German “Leopard-2A6” – the equivalent of 580 – 650 mm 450 – 550 mm.
BTR-90:
1 – automatic 30-mm gun 2A42; 2 – tower of circular rotation; 3 – launcher ATGM “Competition”; 4 – closed the hatch; 5 – wing-float; 6 – hatch commander’s; 7 – side observation unit; 8 – the hatch on the roof; 9 – side recess; 10 – recess doors of the exit hatch; 11 – cover of the hatch of the gunner-operator; 12 – cover of the driver’s hatch; 13 – periscopic device driver; 14 – surveillance device commander; 15 – water-jet propeller; 16 – aft armor plate; 17 – antenna radios; 18 – gunner-operator; 19 – flood; 20 – voodooray flap; 21 – front armor plate of the fighting with heavy armor, destruction engineering and fortifications. The range of the missiles 9М113М up to 4000 m, with a tandem warhead, the missile is able to penetrate the armor thickness up to 800 mm meet angle 0° and up to 300 mm – when it is tilted 60°. Note that, for example, the main Chinese tank “Type 99” is the thickness of the frontal armor of the hull, equal to 500 – 600 mm, turret frontal – 700 mm. the American M1A1 “Abrams”
On the sides of the tower blocks grenade systems smoke curtains 902 “Cloud” for firing 81-mm smoke grenades.
Tower conveyor has a circular rotation. There are two crew members – the gunner and the vehicle commander. The operator uses a combined day/ night sight BPKZ-42, commander – day surveillance device 1P-13. You can switch the fire control fully to the commander.
In the troop compartment of the “Rostock” placed seven soldiers with full equipment. They can shoot their weapons directly from the housing through the side of the loopholes, equipped with ball bearings and a sealed closing flaps. For input / output is used the double hatches in the sides at the top which also has loopholes. Two landing hatch are on the roof, it also has four periscopes, two on Board.
Driver-mechanic located in the front of the case – in the Department of management. The road and terrain it can observe five periscopic instrument with a field of view of 180° forward. Hatch of the driver is shifted to the left, then on the March he can watch the road directly from the hatch by lifting the seat. In this case, the hatch can be installed protective cover.
9М113М rocket complex “Competition”:
1 – pre-charge tandem battle parts; 2 – air-dynamic drive; 3 – aerodynamic rudders; 4 – the main charge tandem battle parts; 5 – motor; 6 – gyroscopic unit; 7 – wings; 8 – battery; 9 – control unit; 10 – coil wire; 11 – radiation source
Armored personnel carrier with a rocket 9М113 on the launcher
Paired missile launchers placed on the sides of the turret of the armored vehicle. Cover of the driver’s hatch is raised. The hatch is installed, the protective cap (used when the movement is on the March and out of combat)
The BTR-90M with the installed fighting module “Bakhcha-U”, armed with a 30 mm 2A72 cannon and a 100-mm gun 2A70
The engine is the BTR-90 is located in the engine compartment in the stern. This multi-fuel diesel 2V-06-2S liquid cooling with turbocharging. The power of the engine -510 HP, this allowed the car a weight of 20.5 t have specific power of 24.3 HP/ton, the figure is much greater than many similar wheeled vehicles. So, BTR-80, the power density was equal to 19 HP/ton There in the stern of the armored personnel carrier placed fuel tanks.
The car used in the original design of the transmission. Part of the power of the engine through a hydromechanical differential gear box is selected and is divided into two streams along the sides. This ensures the difference of the rotational speeds of the side pairs of front steering wheels – there is a rotation of “in tank”, the radius decreases sharply.
Torsion bar suspension – independent, wishbone with telescopic amortizatori. Tires – high flotation system of centralized regulation of air pressure. In case of breaking of wheels the machine can move a fully deflated tyre or even a completely broken four of the eight wheels. Reversible gearbox allows the car to move forward and backward at the same speed.
The BTR-90 is equipped with bius – on-Board information and control system, which is able to automatically control the engine and transmission and to control and conduct the diagnostics. This is one of the first successful applications of CICS in armored personnel carriers.
To ensure the viability of the crew in conditions of radiation exposure, risk of bacterial contamination or toxic substances an armored personnel carrier equipped with a complex collective protection from weapons of mass destruction. Also equipped with fire alarms.
THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80, BTR-90
BTR Rostok – floating, without any prior training is able to overcome water obstacles with waves up to even three points. This is located in the stern two water jets with three-bladed propellers. In the front part of the body during movement through the water to prevent being hit by a car a chop wave rises videotraining flap.
The movement speed of the BTR-90 on the highway – 100 km, swim -up to 10 km range – up to 700 km.
The BTR-90 “Rostok” was adopted in 2008 and Later adopted some measures for its modernization. So, on the armored set of tower installation “Bakhcha-U”. She had two guns as main armament. One 100-mm 2A70 smoothbore was at the same time and launcher anti-tank missiles 9М117М1 “Arkan”. Another automatic 30-mm gun 2A72, had new ammunition armor-piercing projectiles. In addition, the tower stood 7-62 mm machine gun PKTM. The machine was equipped with a fire control system FCS, stabilized optical TV sight with integrated laser rangefinder, a thermal imager with a range of up to 5000 m.
It was also reported on the design based on the BTR “sprout” self-propelled artillery with 120-mm gun, antitank artillery, anti-aircraft missile system.
THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF TANK GUN 2A42
Weight, kg………………………………………………………………….115
Length, mm……………………………………………………………..3027
Barrel length, mm……………………………………..2400 (30 klb)
Initial velocity of the projectile, m/s:
piercing……………………………………………………….960
piercing…………………………………………………..1120
high-explosive……………………………………………960
The ammunition supply…………………………automatic band
Effective range, m:
manpower……………………………………………………4000
the armor…………………………………………………1500
the aircraft…………………………………………………….2000
THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATGM 9М113М
Length of missile, mm………………………………………………….1260
Diameter, mm……………………………………………………………135
Wingspan, mm……………………………………………………468
Firing range, m
day…………………………………………………………..75 – 4000
night…………………………………………………………75 – 3500
Missile launch weight, kg…………………………………….16,5
The cumulative weight of warhead, kg……………………….2,7
The average flight speed of rocket, m/s………………………208
Armor penetration mm:
angle 60°……………………………………………………….300
angle 0°………………………………………………..750 – 800
V. TALANOV
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