THE FOURTH HEIGHT | MODEL CONSTRUCTION

Trucks fourth generation of GAZ-3307 GAZ — 3309. Automakers used to call generations of a group of machines based on the single structural elements (frame, cabin, engine). And speaking of cars trucks medium-duty Gorky automobile plant, then its currently the trucks GAZ-3307, GAZ-3309 or GAZ-3308 “Sadko” should be attributed to the cars of the fourth generation.

It all began in January, the distant 1932 when the conveyor has just built the Nizhny Novgorod automobile plant went first truck NAZ-AA. However, under this name it was produced a short time — in the same year in Nizhny Novgorod, as well as CALLED, was renamed the town became Bitter, and the plant, respectively, of the Gas.

The new machine has a lifting capacity of 1.5 t, and therefore received the nickname the “lorry”. Today we can take this car and all modifications at its base to the truck Gas of the first generation, although at the time, the question of generations was not even raised.

As you know, the first trucks released at the Gorky automobile plant, was made in the image and likeness of the American FORD-AA Gas However, the designers had carefully studied the machine, and modified a number of nodes in accordance with the operating conditions of the truck in the Soviet Union. In particular, they have strengthened the crankcase of the clutch mechanism and the steering mechanism, established effective air filter.

Polutoratonny the trucks became widespread in our country. On the basis of “lorry” was about 16-seater buses GAZ-03-30, the ambulance GAS-55, vans, dump trucks and many other cars. And during the great Patriotic war “lorry” has assumed a considerable share of army transportation, and the most telling of their exploits was the delivery of ammunition and food on the ice “Road of life” to besieged Leningrad.

However, the machine, created in the 1920-ies, in the 1940s looked very archaic. Without waiting for the end of the war, the designers of the Gorky automobile plant began development of a new truck, which later was destined to become the ancestor of the second generation trucks Gas.

This car has become legendary GAZ-51, or as it was referred to the drivers — “the lawn”. Released in 1946, this 2.5-ton truck became the basis for many specialized vehicles — trucks, tractors, vans, tankers, cranes and buses.

However, as time went on, and won the national love the truck gradually handed over their positions — the country needed a more powerful, more and more high-speed hoisting machine. Well, the car in the first place required a new modern engine. The one that was fitted with “turf” — line 6-cylinder 70-horsepower GAS-11 release 1940 — could no longer satisfy the requirements for 4-ton trucks decades to come.

For starters, the designers of Gas, taking advantage of the opening of the experts of the Institute of chemical physics of the USSR, on the basis of the old motor have created an engine with pre-chamber (flare) – ignition GAS-51Ф in which the degree of compression in the cylinders with 6.2 units was brought to 6.8, and power, respectively, from 70 to 85 HP However, this decision was not radical, and in the future to replace row “six” factory experts have designed the new V-shaped 8-cylinder engine, similar to which was equipped with the automobile “Chaika” GAZ-13 release in 1959.

The process of the formation of the new truck was surprisingly long. Initially, the factory produced the car that differed from the GAZ-51 is that cabin. Next, small series has released a modification of GAZ-51 f engine with pre-chamber ignition. From 1964 to 1965 was produced the GAZ-53 with capacity of three tons, and only in 1965 was deployed production of four tons of the base model GAZ-53A, which became a full member of the third generation truck Gorky automobile plant.

Truck GAZ-3307 with a metal platform and awning

The first generation truck Gorky automobile plant GAZ-MM military execution

The first generation truck Gorky automobile plant GAZ-MM in a military execution

The second generation trucks, Gas is GAS-51A release 1955 with a capacity of 2.5 t

GAZ-53A edition 1965 with a lifting capacity of 4 t from the third generation Gorky trucks

Four-wheel drive army truck GAZ-66, nicknamed

All-wheel-drive army truck GAZ-66, nicknamed “the Truck” that served as the basis of a number of vehicles all-terrain vehicles the fourth generation

GAZ-3307 was equipped with a 120-horsepower 8-cylinder gasoline engine ZMZ-43-11

Main sizes of the truck GAS-3307

In the development of the truck GAZ-3307 model in 1989, which became the firstborn of the next (fourth!) generation of designers has been laid wide standardization for components and units with the previous car, the third generation — in particular, with the model GAZ-53-12. So, the new machine was based on her frame and had the same petrol engine.

However, in contrast to the predecessor, the car was equipped with a more spacious double cabin, equipped with an effective system of ventilation and heating, as well as (for the first time in the history of Gas!) power steering.

By the way, the cab of this truck is made a little sensation in the world of automotive design, pleasantly surprising fans and experts of automotive vehicles as its undoubted resemblance to the cockpit of the legendary “lawn” GAZ-51. It was, perhaps, the only Soviet automobile industry an example of expert new cars car design past the pet issue.

Serial production of this vehicle with carrying capacity of 4.5 t with a carburetor engine ZMZ-511 125 HP was deployed at the Gorky automobile plant at the end of 1989. And in 1992, began production of 5-ton truck GAZ-4301, 6-cylinder, 125-horsepower diesel engine air cooling type GAS-542. The production of this car continued until 1994.

In 1993, in replacement of the truck GAZ-52 was deployed production of “three-ton” GAS-3306 4-cylinder 85-horsepower diesel engine, air-cooled, GAS-544. Production of this car continued until 1995.

All-wheel-drive army truck GAZ-3308 “Sadko”

Civil modification of the four-wheel drive vehicle Sadko

Civil modification of the all-wheel drive car “Sadko”

The cab of the truck GAZ-3307

The chassis of the car GAZ-3307

GAZ-3307 was oneelse 120-horsepower 8-cylinder gasoline engine ZMZ-43-11

In 1994, the Gas was created by a 4-cylinder 115-horsepower turbo air cooling GAZ-544, enabling the plant at its base to release a new model GAZ-3309 carrying capacity 4,5 tons. The car was completely unified on the cab and chassis with GAZ-3307, and to differentiate it from the truck with a gasoline engine it only on the intake-the snorkel on the right side of the cab. Unfortunately, the manufacture of turbo in 1997 was dismissed, and the Assembly line were to go only 4.5-ton truck GAZ-3307 with a gasoline engine. However, in the future, the GAS could still re-launch a series of cars GAZ-3309 with a turbodiesel MMZ D-245.7 produced by Minsk motor plant.

Since 1998, GAZ began serial production of two-axle all-wheel drive truck GAZ-3308 “Sadko” in return produced since 1964 army SUV GAZ-66.

The basis of the machine were many units of the same indestructible all-terrain vehicle GAZ-66 — his leading transfer box and front and rear axles. Everything else is borrowed from the civilian truck GAZ-3307, in particular, the frame and cab. The engine also did not have to search long — used well-deserved 8-cylinder V-shaped gasoline ZMZ-513.10, equipped with four-speed transmission (later we created a five-speed box and clutch with a diaphragm spring). And most importantly, provided the GAZ-66 and its successor, the GAZ-3308 “Sadko” high-traffic — Cam limited slip differentials in the front and rear axles, and the possibility of a motion to change the tire pressure.

Embodiments of the machine — three: standard, with single tyres with a load capacity of 2 tonnes; an army, with capacity of 2.3 tons, with tires of enlarged size; and civil, lifting capacity 4 tons, with a gable to the rear wheels. In addition to a regular gasoline engine, each of the modifications can be equipped with one of three turbo diesel: 6-cylinder 125-horsepower GAZ-562 created in Gaza under license Steir, Belarusian 122-horsepower D-245.7 and 4-cylinder 140-strong Japanese “Hino”.

GAZ-33086 “Countryman” civil — four tons of all-wheel drive car with saddle rear wheels

Van “Forester” on the basis of the car “Sadko”

GAZ-3325 “Huntsman-2” — modification of diesel based car “Sadko”

Utility diesel 11-seater all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle GAZ-3901

Passenger diesel 11-seater all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle GAZ-3901 “Vepr”

Since 2006, diesel and gasoline engine mounted on GAZ-3307, GAZ-3308 and GAZ-3309, has been certified in accordance with the ecological norms Euro-2, and since 2008 with the norms of Euro-3.

In 2010, all rear-drive medium-duty trucks GAZ-3309 started to equip mostly diesels MMZ D-245.7 E-3, and four-wheel drive GAZ-33081 “Sadko” and GAZ-33086 “Countryman” — diesels MMZ D-245.7 E-2.

Design of trucks GAZ-3307 GAZ — 3309

GAZ-3307, produced by Gorky automobile plant since 1990, equipped with a body, which is a wooden platform with three drop sides (side and rear). In the back of the machine, on its lateral sides, is provided for the installation of hinged cross benches, extension boards and arcs to the tent.

The cab of the truck is double, located behind the engine; compared to GAS-5312, it has increased in size, improved sound insulation, and greater visibility. The driver’s seat sprung, adjustable in length and inclination of backrest and pillows.

Engine type ZMZ-43-11 – gasoline displacement 4,25 liters 8-cylinder 120-horsepower with /-shaped arrangement of cylinders.

The compression ratio of 7.6. GAS-3309 — 4-cylinder 122-horsepower turbodiesel MMZ D-245.7 E-3 working volume of 4.75 L.

Transmission. Clutch single-plate, with peripheral springs with hydraulic drive. Transmission — four-speed, shaft drive with two shafts with intermediate support. Main gear — single hypoid with a ratio of 6.17.

Suspension — dependent, front — powellite-ical springs with shock absorbers, rear — palwal-opticheskikh resorach with extra springs.

Brake drum with dual circuit hydraulic, split-axis drive and a hydrovac booster.

The steering mechanism is a pair of Glo-worm bidnogo with trehgrebnevym roller; gear ratio pair is 21.3.

Electrical — 12-volt, battery type 6ST-75, generator — Г250-G2.

Creating a new generation of car engineers, designers and technologists, unwittingly, lay in the new design features of the next, future generation machines. However, nobody knows which direction will develop engineering, science, and technology? Suddenly announce tomorrow that create a powerful and economicaly positron engine? Or tractable heavy-duty and wear-resistant alloy? Or the most effective technological process that makes it easy to move from one model to another? In each case the development of automotive technology will go its own way, giving rise to a new, fundamentally different generation of cars. Well, let’s wait and see.

Technical characteristics of the truck GAS-3307

Length, mm…………………………………………………………………………….6550

Width, mm…………………………………………………………………………2380

Height, mm…………………………………………………………………………..2350

Ground clearance (front/rear), mm……………………………………………347/265

Length of loading platform, mm……………………………………………3470

Width of loading platform, mm…………………………………………2170

Load capacity, kg…………………………………………………………..4500

Curb weight, kg…………………………………………………………3200

Full weight, kg…………………………………………………………………..7850

Engine power, HP………………………………………………………..120

Maximum speed, km/h…………………………………………………..90

Acceleration time to 60 km/h, ………………………………………………………32

Control fuel consumption, l/100 km, with:

— at 60 km/h……………………………………………………………………….19,6

— at 80 km/h……………………………………………………………………….26,4

Fuel tank capacity, l……………………………………………………105

Technical characteristics of the truck GAZ-33097 “Sadko” (civil/military)

Length, mm……………………………………………………………………6250/6347

Width, mm…………………………………………………………………………2340

Height, mm………………………………………………………………….2570/2595

Ground clearance, mm…………………………………………………………………………..340

Length of loading platform, mm……………………………………………3390

Width of loading platform, mm…………………………………………2145

Height of loading platform, mm……………………………………………380

Load capacity, kg………………………………………………….2000/2300

Self weight, kg…………………………………………………. 4050/4150

Full weight, kg………………………………………………………….6280/6840

Engine type…………………………………………………………………GAZ-562

Engine power, HP……………………………………………………….125

Maximum speed, km/h…………………………………………………..85

Fuel consumption at 60 km/h, l/100 km……………………………………….17

Fuel tank capacity, l……………………………………………………105

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