In 1961, the be-10, in total, was established 12 world records. Record flights were performed in Donuzlav on the basis of the front part 318-th separate anti-submarine aviation regiment (oplap). 7 August 1961 was flown by the crew of commander of the regiment N.And. Andrievsky (Navigator B. A. Bezverkhnii, gunner ONE. Fedorenko) and 3, 8, 9, 11 and 12 September the same year the crew of a test pilot G. I. Buryanov (Navigator V. M. Rich, radio operator V. P. Perevalov).
For the retraining of pilots developed a training variant of the be-10 with dual controls. Instructor’s workplace was in the navigation cabin. In Taganrog produced and sent to the Donuzlav four repair conversion kit production aircraft with a force TECH, but any information on the practical application of these kits, yet could not be found.
When the flight biography of the be-10 came to an end, one of the salvaged vehicles was turned into a laboratory for studying the effects of salty seawater on the airframe, which aircraft for a long time put the barrel in the Bay of Gelendzhik. This work has allowed to develop recommendations for the protection of the airframe of the car from corrosion, which was successfully applied in the design of amphibious aircraft be-12.
Interestingly, after the last of the be-10 was written off, there was a postage stamp with the image of the be-10, bearing the symbols of the Aeroflot. It still serves as a pretext for the emergence of different versions about the existence of the civil variant of the flying boat. However, no one ever seriously considered Be-10 as a product of dual use, and hence tried to create aeroflotsky option. The aircraft was conceived only as a fighting machine.
In the summer of 1959 to the transfer piston Be-6, jet Be-10 started second squadron 977-th separate marine zalneraviciute aviation regiment aviation of black sea Fleet (ADREP) based on the lake Donuzlav in the Crimea. The regiment remained the only combat part exploited Be-10, and all released planes became part of his two squadrons.
The be-10 with extended intakes
The development of Be-10 in the regiment were quite difficult because in piloting the machine was more stringent than its predecessor, the be-6. Errors for the premature increase in the angle of attack on takeoff it did not forgive. Landing speed Be-10 is more than 1.5 times higher than at the corresponding Be-6, so to use the be-10 was allowed only pilots of high qualification.
Retraining is also impeded by the lack of new flying boat the second control and space for the instructor. Had to learn the approach and p-6 with the flaps retracted at high speed, then the be-10 was shown taxiing, running at different speeds and executed export flights. The student pilot while watching the actions of the instructor, accompanied by comments on the airplane intercom. The effectiveness of this technique was not too high, but gradually the crews received permits to fly and began to study the tactical capabilities of the be-10.
In different combinations on the machine can be suspended three aviation jet torpedo RAT-52, or induction of hydrodynamic three mines, IGDM, aircraft or floating mines, APM, 12 bombs FAB-250 or one of FAB-3000. Visual alignment was performed with the help of sight OPB-11km associated with the autopilot AP-5-2M. In adverse weather conditions as a reticle used radar “Kurs-M”, which was also used for solving navigation tasks when flying over the sea.
In 1961 in connection with the liquidation minitorpedy aviation 977-th amdrup was renamed and became known as the 318-m separate naval anti-submarine aviation regiment. That summer, the be-10 was demonstrated to the General public. Four jet seaplanes, piloted by Lieutenant Colonel Andrievsky, majors Borisenko, Gordeyev and the captain Ponomarenko, crossed over the Neva river during the celebrations of Day of the Navy in Leningrad.
Just two weeks Be-10 participated in the air parade above Tushino airfield in Moscow. At present foreign diplomats and attachés, these machines made a strong impression, the pictures have bypassed the world press, and in NATO the aircraft received the code name “mallow” (“Mallow”).
But surprise got not only the holiday guests. To participate in the parade flying boats ferried from Taganrog to freshwater Plescheevo lake in Pereslavl-Zalessky in 125 km from Moscow. Less aggressive at first glance, the water of the lake provoked a detachment from the underbody anti-corrosion coatings. Found out after returning home.
Although Plescheevo lake and is home to a Russian fleet (here Peter the great built his famous boat, and still saved for posterity), no special infrastructure for basing of seaplanes on it, of course, was not. So to fill the aircraft had from conventional tankers standing on the shore. The fuel hoses were fed to the machines with light wooden bridges.
The accumulation of the experience of the flight crews and the completions on the aircraft by the representatives of OKB and plant machine is becoming more understandable and predictable. But still the be-10 was very challenging for takeoff and landing, and piloting on these modes sometimes did not even experienced combat pilots. Not without accidents and disasters.
The mournful list was opened 14 Oct 1961 , because of an error of the pilot major Gordeeva crashed the first Be-10. May 22, 1962 G. crashed seaplane, piloted by senior Lieutenant Belov.
16 Aug 1963, crashed another vehicle from the 318, onlap (side number 50). That day the plane first overflew the Deputy squadron commander captain elyan, whose no comments on the work Mat part does not arise. After that, the execution of flight on this flying boat was started by the crew of Lieutenant Kuzmenko.
As in the case of Taganrog crew headed Seninim that occurred in may 1961, on the rise a car fell down with a sharp increase in angle of attack. The pilot and Navigator were killed.
Be-10 in the Bay of Gelendzhik
After this incident, the flights of the Be-10 was suspended. But not only because of the disasters. When inspections revealed cracks on parts of the airframe, made of alloy al-8. The application of this high strength material increased the processability during the construction of the aircraft, and the al-8 was well represented in elements of the design of the be-10.
Specialists of the head center of aviation materials VIAM recommended to use al-8 for the manufacture of components which has high requirements for strength and corrosion resistance in contact with sea water. But over time it became clear that there was no tendency of the alloy to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking under cyclic diurnal temperature changes. Elegant flying boat just started to fall apart.
Another factor behind the short biography of the latest jet seaplane, became his belated “birth”. The use of free-fall bombs and torpedoes by the end of 1950-ies have been exhausted. The appearance of the ship SAM was reduced to almost zero the chances of a successful breakthrough aircraft air defense and the output of the line torpedo attack.
It needed a new weapon, and it appeared in the form of anti-ship cruise missiles. The be-10 was no longer interested in the command of naval aviation. All of these reasons, taken together, led to the curtailment program and the lifting of the machine operation in 1963
Officially, the be-10 was never adopted, so the planes had a pretty long standing on the shore in Donuzlav, waiting for disposal. Cut in 1968.
Unfortunately, no single instance of the be-10 was not preserved. For a long time the two aircraft were in the far corner of the factory airfield in Taganrog, and even supposed to put one of them on a pedestal, but unfortunately both cars were victims of the plan for the delivery of scrap metal.
Technical details
Seaplane Be-10 is an all-metal flying boat with two turbojet AL-7ПБ, high-set swept wing and a swept vertical and horizontal tail surfaces.
The main purpose of the airplane: exploration in the open sea, high-altitude torpedo and bombing of ships. Additional tasks: formulation of minefields, bombing from horizontal flight at naval bases and shore facilities. Flying boat intended to perform combat missions day or night and in adverse weather conditions in the open sea, alone and in groups.
The crew consisted of three: pilot, Navigator and radio operator-gunner.
Fuselage — duradanda boat. The boat is divided by bulkheads into compartments 9, the buoyancy of the aircraft was maintained in case of flooding of any two compartments. The bulkheads had sealed in the closed position, communicating doors.
The front and aft compartments is hermetic. In the front compartment housed the cockpit and Navigator, in the aft cabin radio operator-gunner. The entrance to the front compartment was performed through the left front side door and vestibule. The entrance to the aft compartment through the left rear side door and the Central hatch.
Exit to the deck of the boat for emergency evacuation of the aircraft using the ejection seats K-22 front vermouzek had the top hatch of the Navigator and folding the lantern pilot. Gunner left the aircraft through the bottom escape hatch.
In peredannoe of the boat housed the cargo Bay for suspension of the payload. To download it on top served as a deck hatch. From the bottom of the cargo compartment has a double bottom hatch. Actuators the valves and locks the bottom hatch is hydraulic. In addition, there are three fataluku: — two on the right and left side in one of the front compartments and one in the bottom of the tail section. All of the input bushing side and internal doors, lantern pilot hatches cabin of the Navigator and the radio operator, deck and bottom of cargo hatches and hatches for aerial photography are sealed along the contour of the neck inflatable hoses. The air hoses came under pressure after the closing of the locks.
The wing is made under the “Chaika” with a negative angle transverse “V”. Sweep angle of wing leading edge — 350°. Wing — two-spar, caisson type, consists of a center section and two outer consoles, has a retractable odnoschelevye flaps, rudders and ailerons are equipped with trimmers with electric drive. Wing ended non-retractable underwing floats.
The tailplane is swept. The angles of sweep of the vertical stabilizer leading edge — 35°, and the horizontal tail -40°. Horizontal and vertical tail dvuhlonzheronnoe design with a working lining. Handlebars equipped with aerodynamic compensation, and trim tab with electric actuator. Control of the trimmer of the Elevator duplicated cable runs.
The seaplane to move on land, going into the water and rolling out to the beach from the water was supplied erratically removable chassis with a non-braking wheels.
Powerplant: two turbojet engines AL-7ПБ, thrust 7350 kg, at the Board mounted in nacelles under the wing. Autonomous starting of the engine is afloat provided the installation of turbine starters TS-19. The nacelle in the front had a hinged lid that was used to approach to the units of the engine and inspect it afloat.
Fuel capacity was 18 750 kg, of which 11, OOO kg was within two boat and 7750 kg — 16 wing tanks. All fuel tanks is mild. Boat tanks — self-sealing. There was equipment to fill the space nadoblickova neutral gas and fire system. Refueling was carried out centrally. Provided emergency fuel drain in the air from the wing tanks.
Normal activity of the crew members were provided with high-rise equipment supporting the right climate in the pressurized cabin. The air conditioning units were taken from the compressor of the engine. Jobs crew members are equipped with oxygen system.
The aircraft was equipped with a thermal anti-icing devices that protect from icing the front edge of the wing and tail, the front edge of the engine air intakes and Windows of the crew cab.
The composition of the rescue equipment consisted of the ejection seat K-22, life jackets SOOT-43П, parachutes MPLC-49 with individual rescue boat MLAS-1, five-inflatable rescue boat LAS-5M.
The electrical system of the aircraft — DC voltage of 27 V. the power Sources — two of DC generator. The alarm system was powered by batteries 12SAM-55. In addition, for the power of individual systems and assemblies had a system of single-phase and three-phase alternating current.
The hydraulic system of the aircraft consisted of two independent hydraulic systems: the main, with pumps on engines and replacement with electric pump. The nominal operating pressure in hydraulic systems — 150 kgf/cm2, the working fluid AMG-10. The system is closed, with a supercharged hydrotanks.
The pneumatic system of the aircraft with a pressure of 150 kgf/cm2 as a source of compressed air had two compressor AK-150, installed on the motors, and pneumatic cylinders.
Control system — mechanical, from the wheel and pedals of the pilot with hard wiring, with the exception of the site cable runs to the control column. Boosters were absent, but a reasonable effort on the authorities in the channels of the course and the roll was ensured through the use of a spring servo tab and trim tab. To the transaction management for a parallel circuit, connected servos of the autopilot AP-5-2M. A water wheel turned by using the steering control wiring from the rudder.
The structure of naval equipment included: bottom anchor with the onboard winch and extra cable, two floating anchors, anchor cat with heaving, anchor us to the castle, MegaFon, patches, bilge pumps.
The aircraft was equipped with a full set for the modern age proteininteractions equipment, including the autopilot AP-5-2M.
Avionics include: radar sea-surface search “Kurs-M” radio altimeter great heights “Lithium-17M”, the radio altimeter low altitude RV-2 radio blind landing system “Materik”, radio ARC-5 radio command communication RSIU-ZM, the radio telecommunication RSB-70M, emergency radio station AVRA-45, the aircraft intercom SPU-5, equipment identification “Silicon-2”, radar equipment for the protection of the tail “Sirena-2” system of emission dipole reflectors ASO-2.
For routine shooting used cameras one from: AFA-ZZM/75, AFA-ZZM/50, RNS-ZZM/20, AFA-NT-1, for night photography — NAFA-CS/50. Perspective the photographs were taken by the aerial camera AFA-ZZM/100. Managing photostroll remote from the cab of the Navigator.
Gun armament consisted of two fixed bow odnopestichnyj plants and feeding unit of the DC-7B under two guns AM-23 caliber 23 mm. For aimed fire the bow guns from the cockpit had a red dot sight CRPS. Aft was equipped with a sighting station PKS-53 radar rangefinder “Argon”.
Bomber weapons provide different suspension options of torpedoes PAT-52, min AMD-500M, AMD-2M, IGDM, APM and Lyra, aerial bombs caliber from 100 kg to 3000 kg Maximum combat load — 3360 kg, normal — 1500 kg.
Managing dropping payload — electric. The bombing was done by sight OPB-11C.
Performance characteristics
Dvigateli………………………………………………………………………………………………………….AL-7ПБ
Takeoff thrust, kgs………………………………………………………………………………………………..2×7350
Length, m…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..31,5
Height, m…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10,2
Wingspan, m……………………………………………………………………………………………………….28,6
Wing area, м2……………………………………………………………………………………………….130
Maximum takeoff weight, kg………………………………………………………………………….48 500
The maximum amount of fuel, kg…………………………………………………………………………..18 750
The maximum combat load, kg…………………………………………………………………………..3360
Maximum speed km/CH……………………………………………………………………………………910
The take-off speed, km/CH…………………………………………………………………………………………….300
Landing speed, km/CH………………………………………………………………………………………..210
Practical ceiling, m……………………………………………………………………………………..12 500
Takeoff distance, m…………………………………………………………………………………………….5000
Landing distance, m………………………………………………………………………………………….3100
Flight range with maximum fuel reserve, km…………………………………………28951)
The flight duration, h…………………………………………………………………………………..4,32)
The crew cel………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3
ZABLOTSKY A. A. SALNIKOV