Agile, compact vehicle especially in snowy and forested areas of life-but a necessary one. In some countries, such as USA, Canada, Japan, this problem is solved by small-scale production of cars type motoart. Our industry has also begun to issue such equipment: there motonarty of the “Buran”, Amurets and others. However, these machines are more for entertainment, they have not even insulated the cab.
In our laboratory the design of compact machines built a small, but “working” machine — microbeaded for the Forester (see photo). It combines the advantages of large tracked vehicles: high maneuverability and flexibility, the ability to have insulated the cab, the required power and movement speed with a small size and weight.
All this makes the vehicle comfortable for use by his workers of the national economy in difficult areas of our country,
DESIGN DESCRIPTION
Frame (Fig. 2) a closed rectangular shape, consists of two longitudinal spars Ø 42 mm, which bottom are welded four body torsion bar suspension front axle motorized С3А and pipes of Ø 22 and Ø 27 mm, repeating the silhouette of the body
The body is made from steel sheet of thickness 0.5—0.8 mm. For simplicity and ease of manufacture were first cut out of cardboard templates. Then it was done of the workpiece, which was fixed Elektro or gas welding to the pipes of the body frame.
The front of the frame is fitted with mechanisms for tensioning caterpillars (see Fig. 1, B — B).
In front of the body under the hood is the gas tank. The fuel is delivered to the carburettors by gravity. The dashboard of the car UAZ-452. It has an ignition index of level of gasoline in the tank, the engine temperature gauge, warning light turns.
Windshield — plexiglass — mounted in a tubular frame sealing rubber.
In the winter and in bad weather provides for the installation of cockpit canvas, which is stretched on a removable frame, made of duralumin tubes with Ø 18 mm. cabin Heating of the driver is made from the muffler that attaches to the exhaust pipe of the engine by means of flanges. In winter it is placed under the driver’s feet, and in the summer thanks to the flange mounting is rotated in the opposite direction and placed under the right track. Additional heating gives warm air from the fan forced motor cooling.
Fig. 1. Scheme tracked all:
1 — stretch ice skating rink, 2 — fuel tank 3 — windscreen 4 — instrument panel 5 — gas 6 — brake lever, 7 — gear shift knob, 8 — lever, kick starter, 9 — seat 10 — upper support skating rink, 11 — cover band brake, 12 — bracket axle, 13 — sprocket, 14 carb, 15 — pump, 16 — fan shroud, 17 — axis, 18 — differential, 19 — engine M-62, 20 — output shaft 21 axis, 22 — intermediate shaft, 23 — pull brakes, 24 — drive sprocket of the engine, the 25 — gear shift, a 26 — thrust kick-starter, 27 — blinds, 28 — battery, 29 — fan (casing removed), 30 — track, 31 — muffler. 32 — track roller, 33 — bushing 34 — the case of torsion, 35 — frame, 36 — lever torsion bar 37 — the lock bolt 38, the axis of the rink, a 39 — bearing No. 302, 40 worm for tensioning the track 41 is a worm wheel, 42 — key, 43 — bearing No. 303, 44 — a guide tape, 45 — circuit, 46 — grouser.
Fig. 2. Frame and frame of the vehicle.
Engine — upgraded M-62 Ural. Located in the rear of the body. Alteration him under forced air cooling is as follows: the engine front cover is removed the shaft (Fig. 3, POS. 13), which is welded by electric welding to the small gear, naturally. To the engine front cover argon-arc welding is welded to the bearing housing No. 204, which is the second pillar of the VAPA drive fans. In the absence of argon-arc welding the bearing housing can be mounted with M6 bolts through the gasket to avoid oil leakage from the crankcase. The shaft of the fan drive with a small gear valve timing is fixed on the engine crankshaft dowel and the bolt M8.
On the drive shaft is mounted with two-strand pulley (Fig. 3, item, 6), which by means of V-belts transmits the rotation of two driven pulley. They vasilopeta mounted axial fans. Pulleys located directly in front of the engine cylinders and mounted on brackets that are welded to the body frame.
The air flow is directed to the cylinders with covers (Fig. 1, POS. 16, the casing of another fan not shown). After cooling, the cylinder a stream of air is discharged to the outside through the blinds of the bottom of the engine compartment, which is located in the direction of motion of the vehicle. In winter, the louvers are closed the bottom and the air enters the passenger compartment. The air intake for engine cooling is through louvers in the top cover of the engine compartment.
The engine is started manually using the lever on the left side of the driver seat. The lever rod is connected with a short pedal kick-starter.
The Rover applies the chain transmission from the engine to the differential. This is caused by the structural arrangement of the engine on the frame of the vehicle and using the differential from motorized С3А adapted to the transmission chain.
Fig. 3. Diagram of the device of air cooling of the engine:
1 — engine crankshaft, 2 — spacer, 3 — engine front cover, 4 bearing body, 5 — klingeman, a 6 – pulley, 7 — spacer, 8 — a nut of fastening of a pulley, 9 — bolt M8, 10 — key, 11 — bearing No. 204, 12 — small gear timing, 13 the drive shaft of the fan 14 pulley 15 bearing No. 202, 16 — bearing No. 204, 17 — vasilopeta fan. 18 — frame 19 — M10.
Fig. 4. Diagram of main transmission:
1 bearing No. 205, 2 — bolt M14, 3 — external support axle, 4 — sprocket; 5 — bolt M10, 6, 7 — pins, 8 — the hub of the brake pulley, 9, 10 bolts M10, 11 — the lever of the band brake 12, the bearing housing, 13 — differential (С3А), 14 — differential shaft 15 of the sprocket shaft, differential, 16 — bearing No. 205, 17 — wheel drive shaft 18 — bearing number 206 19 — the bearing housing, 20 — frame, 21 — band-brake 22, the brake pulley, the 23 sprocket.
Modification of the engine M-62 Ural under chain transmission transmission output shaft is as follows: removed fork cardan and protecive seat sprocket (from the motorcycle IZH-56), having a step of 15.88 mm and number of teeth — 18. The sprocket is welded to the fork of the cardan shaft by electric welding.
During the test, the Rover has identified the need to supply an intermediate chain reduction gear with a ratio of 3. It is possible to reduce the maximum speed to 50 km/h and increase traction on the tracks. Rotation from the gearbox to the differential is transmitted also by means of a chain transmission. Thus, the torque is transmitted from the engine to the gearbox and through the gear on the differential shaft (see Fig. 4), then through a differential on the drive axle shafts. They are mounted on the two sprockets, having a step 37 mm and the number of teeth 26 (Fig. 4, POS. 4, 23). Sprockets drive the tracks. As the axle shaft substantially extends beyond the supports on the frame and can bend under load, the outer end it is equipped with additional support in the form of a bracket fixed to the frame body.
A Rover four speed forward and the same back. Switching speeds and reversal of the vehicle produced a single lever taken from the UAZ-452.
The rotation of the vehicle is accomplished by braking one of the two axle shafts of the differential. When the caterpillar slows down, the other starts to rotate with twice the speed, as if looking ahead: the Rover turns.
For braking of the axle shafts of the differential band brake is used (Fig. 4, POS. 21), which consists of a brake disk bolted to the hub of the M10 sitting on the axle shaft, and a metal strip width of 38 mm. thereto a copper or aluminum rivets to fasten the friction lining size 40X70X6 mm. When operating the band brake should cover about three quarters of the brake pulley. One end of the ribbon is attached to the bracket that is welded to the frame, and the other is pivotally connected to the lever (Fig. 4, POS. 11) band brake. It is driven by the control levers located in the cabin of the driver. The Rover uses two pedal foot control: accelerator and clutch. The brake pedal is missing, as is sufficient to pull both levers, pre-squeeze the clutch, like caterpillars inhibited m the Rover stops.
Fig. 5. Diagram of a caterpillar:
1 — conveyor mite, 2 — circuit, 3 — guide strip, 4 — grouser, 5, 6 — rivet.
Caterpillar rubber-metal, with two parallel chains, step 37 mm (see Fig. 5). For caterpillars use the chain from the conveyor machinery. Available on a chain tabs are processed in the form of lugs from a steel angle 20X20X3. Them rivets Ø 6 mm mounted rubber condolence from the conveyor to a thickness of 7 mm.
To the direction of movement of rollers used rubber protrusions (Fig. 5, POS. 3) from the belt (profile “E” GOST 1284-57), which are attached to the belt by rivets, Ø 8 mm, passing through the grouser and welded to its outer side.
During the design of the caterpillar must be considered that the middle of the thickness of the rubber tape should lie exactly on the line connecting the centers of the rivets of chains. Otherwise, the tape is experiencing deformation, working in tension or in compression, which leads to its premature wear.
Hardened chains, high-quality welding, durable condolence create easy and reliable caterpillar, but rather its width determines the specific ground pressure at full load and between 70 g/cm2. Rover is good on loose snow, dirt, dry soil and asphalt almost silently, without the usual clanging of the tracks.
A. NALIMOV, E. STEPANENKO, the members of the club for young technicians Novosibirsk Akademgorodok
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