TRACTOR AS THE TRACTOR

The idea to build a small tractor did not come from “itching” technical creativity and the urgent need for mechanization of the farm and the transportation of economic goods. The last appointment of the tractor vehicle, predetermined the necessity of its registration in bodies of Rostekhnadzor. And therefore just note the following. Although most of the units, mechanisms and assemblies used in tractor from written off cars and agricultural machinery, bought them not as necessary, but strictly according to the documents — bills and receipts that subsequently (at the reception) was brought in the office.

The engine on the tractor — 5Д2-24 with a capacity of 12 HP with a speed of 1500 per minute, 2-cylinder diesel liquid cooled. He once produced by the plant “Dag-diesel” and used as the drive of the compressor (pump) for divers. The motor is reliable and unpretentious. Quick and trouble-free run it provides two glow plugs (one per cylinder).

As the regular engine radiator is not retained, this heat exchanger together with the fan and its drive (pulleys and belt) used car “Moskvich-412”.

Here I’ll note that this same drive is working and the generator, borrowed from the car “Lada”. Power supply system (air filter, injector) and exhaust system (manifold and silencer) — regular. A radiator grille adapted from the tractor YUMZ.

The frame of the tractor is simple, rectangular. Consists of two side members and several cross members. The spars made of channel No. 10 and reinforced longitudinally aligned and welded to the bottom corners.

The crossmember is made of different profiles, rolling steel, and the back of the steel strip 10 mm thickness. To the frame welded a few bushings, brackets for mounting rods, the axis of attachment of agricultural tools and others.

Homemade tractor V. Runkova:

1 —front driven wheel (farm equipment, 2): 2 — facing radiator (from the tractor); 3 — headlight (from harvester “Niva”, 2); 4—hood (from the tractor YUMZ); 5—exhaust pipe muffler; 6 — cabin (from a corn harvester, modified); 7 — hanging of equipment with hydraulic drive; 8—front drive wheel (front of the tractor “Belarus”, 2); 9 controls ; 10—tank V = 20 l; 11 — cart coupling (from the truck GAZ-66); 12 — steering gear (from the truck GAZ-66); 13 — steering longitudinal pull; 14—the sump of the engine; 15 — frame; 16—front axle; 17 — rear axle; 18 axles; 19 — steering knuckle

Frame:

1 -longeron (channel № 10, 2): 2 —traverse (rough 70×70); 3 — under the engine crossmember (area No. 5,2 PCs); 4—front console of the cockpit (channel No. 12,2 PCs); 5 the rear console of the cockpit (channel № 12, 2 pieces): 6 — rear cross member (steel sheet s10); 7 — bushing axis hydromancy; 8— mounting bracket of the hydraulic cylinder (area No. 10); 9 – bushing-bushing fixing rod for rear axle (2 PCs.); 10—bushing-bushing fixing rod perednem on the bridge; 11 —amplifier longeron (area 70×70, 2 PCs.)

Shortening the rear axle

The power unit (view from right side)

The power unit (left view)

Front axle from chassis T-16 with a modified and inverted swivel

Rear axle of truck GAZ-66 with a reduced track

The cab — “Spartan”, but everything you need is here, and the review is almost spherical

The charge for equipment is simple in design, but with a hydraulic actuator and a hook for a trailer

Front and rear wheels of the tractor are different (from those that could be purchased inexpensively), however, the difference of the diameters are small. Front (steer) — some agricultural, and rear wheel drive is front of the tractor “Belarus”.

Front axle — tractor self-propelled chassis T-16. The bridge alteration has not been in his design was initially put the ability to change the track width of the wheels. Beam axle component: the Central part (she is hooked to the front cross member frame hinged on the axle) and two telescopic console, inserted in the beam and fixed it zaspirtovanny pins. The alteration were only turning bags. But altered them after the chassis Assembly, when it turned out that the front of the frame above the tailgate. Then, first, the fists turned upside down. At this, Rama took a strictly horizontal position. Second, cut the kulaks bushings and pins respectively, the pins to lower to the level of the frame steering knuckle and steering rod (transverse and longitudinal). For reliability front axle associated with the frame and another longitudinal rod going from knuckle to mid-spar.

Used rear axle from a truck-terrain vehicle GAZ-66.

Its limited slip differential provides the tractor a good cross, although it is front driven wheels — non-powered.

Rear axle had to be shortened to narrow down to the desired track width of the wheels. I had to cut off both stockings and semiaxes equal segments. Options there are several shortening, and everyone solves this problem on the basis of their technological capabilities: some cut internal (splined) part of the half shaft and cut new slots.

Others cut off the flange on the outer end of the axle and shortening its stem, the flange re-welded. I removed the cut in the middle of the axle, and manner covaw end pieces, and welded them. This option requires good alignment during the welding process. And I made this operation directly on the lathe, after making the ends of the connected parts rather deep chamfer.

The options of shortening the rear axle, in General, was not overlooked, and begs only one way — cut out the middle part of the grips, then weld the end pieces to the root. Frame and rear axle are connected rigidly (without pendants) — step ladders.

Transmission units: clutch basket, gear shift, transfer case, driveline and main gear used from the car GAZ-66. Since the tractor is a leading only one rear axle, in razdatki involved only a reduction gear. The remaining transmission units remained unchanged (except for the driveshafts which, like the axle shaft was shortened).

The engine is bolted through rubber mounts to the frame pongaroa. A particular challenge was the creation of the “rosemaling” components: a flywheel, motor and clutch. Docking proizvoditel with the transition of the steel disk, whose dimensions and all the holes it was taken at the place and now they are difficult to recover for the drawing.

Cabin for tractor borrowed from decommissioned corn harvester. But she had to replace the roof on the car (GAZ-52) and making her two hatches. Window openings are also cut along available glasses (mostly from the bus LAZ). In the side window vents. The cross members of the frame rigidly attached to the cab bolts.

The driver’s seat in the cab from a combine harvester, and the passenger — a chair with a metal base. I note that the driver’s seat (and the wheel) is on the left, like in cars, I thought that it would be familiar. But the instrument panel is placed in the middle of the cabin, so she closed the review on the front right wheel, it (review) is required during plowing and particularly in the processing of the rows of growing crops.

The dashboard has all the necessary appliances, switches and buttons, warning light and control systems of the engine and electrical equipment. Above the panel is secured with two buttons of heating of candles, and start the engine.

On the floor mounted pedals: clutch, brakes, and levers: the gear shift, handbrake, switch the dispenser cylinder, the inclusion of low gear. But instead the gas pedal is used the lever mounted on the instrument panel to the right.

The brake pedal only the rear wheels, and a manual brake from the lever on the drum, located near the checkpoint.

Steering wheel and column from the car “GAZel”, and worm gear steering gear from the truck GAZ — 66. Here I’ll note that the longitudinal steering rod (from steering gear to the steering pivot arm) is made, and cross nikolena — from chassis T-16.

In the rear of the frame mounted linkage for mounting the tilling tools. Hitch has the tow hook for towing a cargo truck.

Lifting and lowering of the hitch is made with the help of a hydraulic cylinder (combine harvester) included in the hydraulic system, which includes in addition to him, another tank of oil and pump NSH-20. The pump drive is from the PTO shaft of the gearbox.

V. RANKOV, Krasnoslobodsk, Mordovia