In the late 1950’s — early 1960-ies there has been a backlog of the USSR from Western countries in the creation of heavy tracked armored personnel carriers. During this period in the armies of NATO were adopted by M113 armored personnel carriers (USA), “Trojan” (UK), VТТ M56 (France) S-30 (Germany) did Not depart from them, and neutrals — the Swedes took his PbV302, and the Austrians — 4K3F. All these machines have a completely closed enclosure and powerful enough weapons — up to 20-mm automatic guns. Heavy tracked armored personnel carrier there were in the Soviet Army — BTR-50P (in the roof — BTR-50PCS). However, this machine, compared to its Western counterparts, had too large dimensions and very bad layout with a front of the troop compartment.
INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLE BMP-2
“Soap”, “the Hunchback”, “Fafik” — not once nicknamed little brisk Zaporozhets 965-th model. Many of us that he began his “auto” biography. Not all, however, know how motley was the story that first among the “Cossacks”.
At the end of the 1960s, the army command of Germany felt it necessary to replace the long-standing armed Bundeswehr tracked armoured personnel carriers M 113 American production and the French “Gocci”. It was assumed for this purpose to develop a new wheeled armored vehicle with a carrying capacity of two tons, besides floating.
The British firm “Martinsyde limited” received its name from the surnames of the founders — Martin and Handasyde and at first was called. Later the name for simplicity shortened. This company is interested in us because in the 1920-ies in the red Army was released it fighter F. 4 “Buzzard” (“Owl”). It was called MF-4 or simply “Martinsyde”, as other aircraft of this company in Russia is not there. The design of the vehicle began in 1916, when designers “Martinsyde” led by Hendecagon undertook the creation of a single-seat fighter-biplane. First they made an attempt to modernize the serial biplane “elephant”, but gradually withdrew from him further and further away. The new RG plane fuselage made shorter and higher, the wingspan is significantly reduced, the pilot’s seat moved backwards to improve visibility. Changed chassis and tail. The fighter was expected to feature a 12-cylinder engine liquid cooling “Falcon” power of 275 HP company “rolls-Royce” and arm 7,69-mm machine gun “Vickers”, mounted above the upper wing on the left, and a machine gun, “Lewis”, standing on the right side.
Parades of old cars occupies pride of place of the car GAZ-61-73. This battered machine, with the body of all the memorable “emka”, only some kind of leggy like prepodavala on tiptoe (a consequence of the front axle), deserved the honor. All the years of the great Patriotic war have driven it on the front line the roads of the Soviet Union Marshal I. S. Konev. Starting your martial path at station Kasna Vyazma, she was a fierce snowy winter of 1941/42 on the Kalinin front, in a difficult summer of 1943 drove Ivan Stepanovich in the Voronezh and Belgorod steppes, overcame Ukrainian thaw in 1944, and finally rustled grooved tyres, littered with broken stone streets of Berlin in may 1945.
As you know, during the Second world war armored vehicles in the USSR were made. In this respect the Red Army considerably inferior to the Wehrmacht. To some extent the problem could smooth out the supply of British and American armored vehicles under lend-lease, however, to fully equip at least mechanized infantry battalions of tank and mechanized brigades it was not enough. The main means of transportation of infantry in the red Army until the end of the war remained cars and tanks.
We left Russia and its underwater aspirations in a difficult moment for the country, alas, is only the first in suffering the twentieth century. Broke out in 1904, the Russo-Japanese war found Russia in a far-from-ready position. Moreover, these words can be attributed to the submarine fleet. Not just existed, there was even no development plans, no more or less suitable for “reproduction” prototype. However, the Naval Ministry had to sign an agreement with the former firm of Holland “electric boat”, for the construction at Nevsky shipyard in St. Petersburg a series of five more units in the fall of 1903. However, the chosen system (the hull was built in Russia, the equipment arrived from the US), quite reasonable for such a new business in peacetime, during the war, became a real brake. In the end, even the head “Pike” delivered to Vladivostok a few months after the fighting ended. Late to the boat from another American lake, also assembled in Russia under the scheme of peace. A similar fate befell an earlier project hollandskyi “Beluga”. The only submarine that arrived in the far East to the Tsushima defeat, became overbought at the lake’s “Protector”, aka “Sturgeon”. But he did not have time to act before the end of the war.
SOVIET CAR “MOSKVICH-408” ISSUED IN 1964. Youthful impressions sometimes impose their stereotypes on our lives. It’s funny that the “Moskvich-408” has remained in my mind a real car, and not his successor, “412”, hasn’t appeared six years later supermassive VAZ-2101 “Zhiguli”. And when in the early 1990-ies I was told that a car owner, a man very advanced in years, wants to sell the car “Moskvich-408ИЭ” low mileage, in General, with very few for that time’s money, I immediately agreed with the owner about the meeting.
The wig was created with the support of the “Arctic tergovernmental company” in Nizhny Novgorod. “Aquaglide-5” performed by the classical scheme of the aircraft with low-aspect-ratio wing and twin fins. To facilitate take-off unit and output on a hard surface under his wing to create a static air cushion by blowing air from two rotary propellers. About 85% of the lifting power of the apparatus is created by the wing, and the rest — due to the dynamic air cushion. This allows to automatically maintain the altitude.
That was in October 1925. Just ended all-Union glider competitions in Koktebel. Among non-motorized vehicles, flown there, considerable success has and the second design assistant mechanic usernamei squadron of the air force Academy named after N. Zhukovsky, Alexander Yakovlev. Winged victory, the young designer decided to take on the matter is much more complex — to build a light sport plane, then according to the accepted terminology — the aviette.