Our magazine has already written more than once about Krasnodar, Stavropol, and Ural tractors, motor plows, rotary rippers, and electric mowers created in clubs by young designers. These machines are a good help both on the school plot, on the experimental plot, and in the field.
The mini-tractor “Amurchonok,” described on these pages, was built in the Russian Far East. Its author — mechanic V. N. Lukyanenko — chose the most rational path when creating the machine: he used the maximum number of serial units and assemblies, combining them into a fairly strong, durable, agile, and very modern-looking design.
The entire mini-tractor design (Fig. 1) was developed around the PD-10A engine together with the gearbox and engagement clutch from a decommissioned DT-54A tractor. The additional use of a gearbox from a GAZ-51 truck made it possible to obtain eight forward and two reverse speeds. The layout of the power units is shown in Fig. 4.
1 — base of the hydraulic lift system; 2 — turn indicator and stop lamp; 3 — fuel tank; 4 — clutch engagement control lever; 5 — brake pedal; 6 — gearshift lever; 7 — instrument panel; 8 — steering arm; 9 — fan drive belt; 10 — turn signal; 11 — toolbox; 12 — rear axle; 13 — gearbox; 14 — reduction gearbox; 15 — GAZ-93 oil pump; 16 — DT-54A generator; 17 — reduction gearbox; 18 — longitudinal steering rod; 19 — PD-10A engine; 20 — gearshift rod; 21 — reduction gearbox pedal; 22 — oil pump pedal
The tractor engine underwent minor modification. The cylinder head was trimmed so that the compression ratio increased somewhat. An additional shaft made it possible to lengthen the governor shaft slightly, thereby providing drive for the fan, pump, and generator. For convenient starting, the engine is fitted with a starter with an electromagnetic switch from a ZIL-130 truck.
The reduction gearbox engagement clutch was left unchanged; the engagement lever was turned 180° and connected to the control handle rod. The drive to the gearbox is by chain.
The cooling system is liquid-cooled. Forced circulation is provided by a pump from a MAZ-200 truck. The fan with bracket and bearing base is homemade. The radiator from a mobile cinema generator set was modified on site.
1 — hydraulic lift levers; 2 — power cylinder mounting bracket; 3 — rear axle; 4 — flanges; 5 — oil pump; 6 — driven gearbox sprocket; 7 — gearbox mounting bracket; 8, 11, 12 — reduction gearbox mounting brackets; 9 — frame; 10 — front axle mounting brackets; 13 — gearbox; 14 — rear axle; 15 — rear axle mounting bracket; 16 — hydraulic lift power cylinder; A — engine mounting layout
The frame (see Fig. 2) is made from channel No. 10. Two crossmembers for mounting the steering column and engine reduction gearbox are welded to its middle. The rear axle is rigidly attached to the frame.
Running gear. The rear axle (Fig. 2) is from a GAZ-51 truck and has been shortened as shown in the drawing. The front axle beam (Fig. 3) is homemade, made from 36 mm diameter pipe.
The brakes are hydraulic. The master cylinder and other elements of the brake system are from a GAZ-51 truck. The rear wheels are from a GAZ-51, the front wheels are from a seed drill; their size is 4.5×9.
1 — front axle beam; 2 — spindle bushing; 3 — steering spindle; 4 — axle bushing; 5 — front axle movable mounting unit; 6 — steering mechanism; 7 — front fender; 8 — right steering arm; 9 — front axle; 10 — front wheel hub
The steering (see Fig. 3) consists of serial and homemade parts. Thus, the column is taken from a GAZ-51, the longitudinal rod is from an S3A motorized wheelchair, while the steering wheel and transverse rod are homemade.
1 — rear axle; 2 — gearbox and rear axle flanges; 3 — gearbox mounting bracket; 4 — reduction gearbox mounting bracket; 5 — starter; 6 — starter electromagnetic switch; 7 — PD-10A engine; 8 — magneto; 9 — fan drive pulley; 10 — clutch lever; 11 — reduction gearbox; 12 — right reduction gearbox mounting bracket; 13 — low-range gear engagement lever; 14 — chain; 15 — gearbox; 16 — GAZ-93 oil pump
The tractor body panels, as well as the fuel tank, were made independently. Other parts were selected from various serial machines: the battery is from a ZIL-130, the generator is from a DT-54A, the fuel pump is from a Moskva outboard motor, and the muffler is from an IZH-56. The “Amurchonok” even has a hydraulic drive: the hydraulic cylinder is from a wheeled combine harvester, and the pump is from a GAZ-93.
The tractor was designed and assembled in just one year. It has become a reliable helper for work on small plots where using large machines is impractical.
“Modelist-Constructor” No. 3’2012, V. LUKYANENKO
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