The material parts of the bottom bracket -aluminum alloy AMG-6. The glass carriage and sleeve kremovogo clip – turned parts. In the manufacture of a host of steel instead of bushings you can use a standard extra-long nuts (“M-K” № 11 for 2011).
Support a glass – box type; consists of the same pairs of cheeks and lining, welded together with the pipe-clamp.
Ligered designed and built for the pilot height 175 – 185 cm Displacement of the node of the carriage on the bow of a cantilever pipe frame (removal) can be done more fine-tuning to suit the height of the rider.
Sunbed legarda is a particularly important element of the structure is made for a specific pilot. Often in running-in period the lounger is subjected to serious revisions, as soon make it comfortable is rarely.
Velomobiles, or rather the spine, with almost horizontal landing, experiencing adverse alternating load in the direction back the breast when driving on rough roads. Therefore, the profile of the rug need to exactly match the contours of the back of the pilot. There are many imaginative ways to remove the measurements. The designer has done the following: have spacetravel on a level floor the main elements legarda and put it under the back of an ordinary pillow. The impression made on her, takes several minutes, which is enough for sizing.
Guide chain (tensioner pulley conditionally withdrawn):
1 – frame; 2 – scraper chain; 3 locking chain guide; 4 – rivet d4; 5 – pad (2 PCs)
The clamping of the carriage (*size for reference):
1 – glass of a carriage; 2 – bearing Cup carriage; 3 – kremowy clamp (pipe d55x2); 4 – bushing (3 PCs); 4 – nut (3 PCs.)
Frame:
1 – removal of the carriage frame (tube d51х1,2); 2 – inclined strut (tube d51х1,2); 3 – ridge of the sunbed (pipe d51x1,2); 4-gusset plate; 5-the holder of a tension roller (pipe d18,1); 6 – holder support roller (pipe d18,1 ); 7 – front support lounger (pipe d20x1); 8 – back support of the lounger (pipe d20x1); 9 – removal of rear supports (pipe d20x1); 10 – feather the rear of the plug (pipe d30x1, 2); 11 – dropout-tip pen rear plugs (strip s4, 2); 12 – eyelet brace (strip s3,2); 13 – locking chain guide (band s3); 14 – a glass of steering column (tube d36x2); 15 – brace (pipe d30x1)
A sunbed (on the top view of the mattress and cushion are not shown):
1 – base; 2 – the base of the headrest; 3 – side lounger (2 pieces); 4 – side panel of the headrest (2 PCs); 5 – pillow headrest; 6 — bed; 7 – front bearing; 8 – the average bearing; 9 – the back support (brace, 2 pieces); a – shoulder; b – niche pillow lounger
The front mount of the sun lounger:
1 – the base of the lounger; 2 – side lounger; 3 – the bottom of the niche; 4 – spacer; 5 – stud; 6 – front support of the lounger; 7 -; 8 stud; 9 – bolt М5х20; 10 – nut M5 (self-locking); 11 – washer; 12-bushing; 13 – eccentric clamp; 14-substrate lounger; 15 – cushion lounger
Headrest
Front support and the attachment point to the frame of the lounger
The base of the lounger and headrest made of duralumin sheet thickness of 2 mm and are perforated to facilitate. From the same material but with a thickness of 3 mm is the sidewall.
Connect the sides with the bases with rivets and corners in the form of round washers, bent in diameter. Moreover, as the goals the author used witty and practical old coins.
Shaping the front and rear of the rug also depends on the physique of the pilot. For example, to the front of its rounded edges in the buttocks occasionally bent down about an angle of 15° – 30°, in order to avoid fading and to keep the contact with the pilot sunbed-force pedaling. In “Indicator-2” it turned out to be unnecessary. The rear part of the base of the rug is bent forward for the formation of shoulders, which keep the pilot from shifting back, it is notched cutout for relief of the cervical spine.
At the base of the lounger in front of the sacrum to the back of the pilot the hole cut 100×290 mm and formed niche. To do this, from the bottom of the rug it is attached with rivets and hard strip the bottom. The base of the lounger is covered with glued to it with a substrate of the tourist rug-“skin” with a thickness of 10 mm, while in the niche pre-Packed additional cushion variable height.
The headrest is a separate element of the rug is fastened thereto with four countersunk screws with nuts. To the base of the headrest contoured pad is glued from several layers of the same “foam”, covered with soft fabric cover.
Lounger removable attached to the frame in three points: to the front support on the horizontal part of the cap of the pipe by using two mounting brackets made of pairs of angles, riveted together, and the eccentric clamp saddle of a Bicycle, to medium support – by two countersunk screws М5х20 and threaded bushings pressed into the ends of the support; the feathers of the rear fork with struts.
The wheel legarda is welded from pipe segments with a diameter 22×1 mm. For the manufacture of stem used two standard: kimbim clip installed on the stock front fork, and a split – grip for attaching the rudder with two bolts. Both of these removal of the joint: welded to the extension tube 25 mm. In diameter open ends of the pipes inserted into a decorative handlebar rubber plugs.
The rest of lowracer equipped with standard Bicycle parts.
In the bottom bracket cartridge is installed: capsule, uniting the shaft of the carriage and standard ball bearings. Cranks -170 mm. sprocket has a tooth 82. Wheels with a diameter of 22 inches (510 mm) equipped with a narrow (19 mm) rubber tires, designed for high, up to 8 ATM, pressure. The driving wheel has 36 spokes, and the base – 32. The diameter of the rotor disc wheels – 160 mm. Both brake servos mounted on the brackets of feathers forks using adapters that set of brakes. Handlebar grips are front and rear disk brakes, 9-position shifter, the shifter and the bike computer. A mud flap is provided with only rear wheel – pilot protect against splashes from the front wheel wide spinal tube frame and deck chair. Installed and reflectors: rear red bracket mount mud flap; front – white on the plug cap pipe. Here a convenient place for a lights – if necessary, it is easily mounted with a plastic electrical clamps-clips.
The creation of one legarda E. Nestorine takes almost a year – the author very carefully considering every detail of the design, and therefore looked his car as the factory.
Since almost the entire Gauge is made of corrosion resistant materials, paint coating is not applied, except for the stem.
Total mass of the structure and 17.3 kg.
Not every first time master ligered and will confidently learn to ride on it, especially with such a low rise. Even cyclists with experience, “buried” in the saddle, traditional Bicycle, sometimes become flustered, lying on a low sunbed. And someone quite a few minutes to experience this amazing machine, become a part of it. And such a daredevil rushes to the envy of others, literally flying over the road…
This could and finish the story on a fast bike. But do you know what dreams in the soul of the pilot lowracer, especially the young? Wants to turn it into Streamliner and, of course, with the most-the world’s best spinner. And then to fight for the records! Do not believe me – then try to make your lowracer. Suddenly it will be your first step to victory?
Trained athletes in modern velomobiles touring (with fairing) is capable for the daily mileage to cover distances of over 1200 km with an average speed of over 50 km/h.
The struts of the deckchair:
1 – back support of the lounger (pipe 18×1); 2 – right brace (pipe 18×1); 3 — pen the rear of the plug (pipe 30×1, 2); 4 – screw М5х20; 5 – substrate; 6 – side panel of the base of the lounger (sheet s3); 7 is a left brace (pipe 18×1); 8 – ending brace; 9 – eyelet strut; 10 – PAC-spanking(pipe 15×1); 11 -болтМ6х35; 12-self-contradanza nut M6
Brake wheel (rear)
The attachment of the lounger:
1 – the base of the lounger; 2 – substrate; 3 – side panel of the base; 4 – Central pillar of the lounger; 5 – frame, 6 – removal of support; 7 -threaded bushing; 8 – screw М5х20
Landing the pilot ergonomy in Streamliner
Record velomobile-Streamliner Varna canadian designer G. Georgieva running racer S. Vitengeni
The absolute world record wheel musclegod equal to the cash consideration of 133,3 km/h. It was established in September 2009 in Nevada to the traditional annual high-speed races at mount battle canadian racer C. Wittingham on the recumbent, the Varna Streamliner designer G. Georgieva – also a canadian, a Bulgarian by birth (hence the name of the series of streamliners -“Varna”),
These outstanding results were achieved mainly due to the perfect aerodynamic shape of the body-fairing. Upon reaching a speed of about 30 km/h almost 85 – 90% of the energy of velomobiles expended in overcoming the resistance of the oncoming airflow, and at higher speeds – up to 95%. To streamliners, in the terminology adopted by the world Association of creators muscular vehicles (WHPVA) include the design, fairings are supplied with high aerodynamic performance and is aimed at establishing sports achievements. The pilot so closely “Packed” in the car, that the implementation of the start and finish, and even for entry and exit from the apparatus, the athlete needs external assistance team members.
The start and finish of the speed race at Streamliner usually occur in the following way. The pilot is placed in the lower part of the fairing, which is on the cradle. Then pull the hands forward on the steering wheel, whereby the swing arms is narrowed. Next, the assistants put on the upper part of the fairing and the gap between the two parts of the stick with duct tape. The assistant, being on roller skates encompasses the foot Streamliner, frees him from the cradle and in this position, the duet “pilot assistant” is moving. After a short acceleration the pilot of Streamliner begins independent movement. Graduated from course Streamliner at the end of the braking phase catch and release the pilot from the fairing.
Create velocity velomobiles with light aerodynamic fairings made of composite materials (mainly CFRP) is difficult and expensive engineering task.
Remembering history, we note that the velomobile “Vector”, first break in 1980, the bar of 100 km/h, was tricycle. But beginning in 1986, all absolute speed records velomobiles were installed only on two-wheeled Streamliner.
In most modern pedal cars (contenders for the records) chassis are integrated into a common structure. However, there is Streamliner, in which the suspension uses a two-wheeled recumbent, they can be removed from the shell and use to compete in the independent classes (according to the same international regulations) – without fairing.
As a rule, the scheme is lowracer having a low center of gravity, which the pilot is located almost horizontally. In Streamliner this scheme the pilot seat called a deck chair.
To reduce the aerodynamic drag, the designers are striving to reduce the Midel of Streamliner – the area of greatest cross section of the fairing. Midel is mainly determined by anthropometric parameters of the pilot. The gap between the athlete and the capsule is measured literally by millimeters. In the design and drawing of the midsection, the two key parameters: the projected area of Oltenia feet of the pilot and the width of his shoulders (the maximum width of the fairing the best stream-liners is only 380 – 420 mm).
When linking lowracer should use a two-dimensional layout of the pilot. This comfortable ergonom, developed and successfully applied decades of Czech designers of cars “Tatra”: draws using only straight lines and circles. Its proportions are in good agreement with pilots to increase to 160 – 180 cm layout Elements can be made of a rigid transparent cover of a notebook or folder and hold them together at the joints by rivets, for example, small studs.
Initially, you must determine the position (dimension “b”) axis of the carriage. You need to set design parameters: size a – minimum (usually 80 – 120 mm) distance from the heel of the pilot to the road and “C!” – the length of the connecting rod (usually the 150 – 170 mm). Then ask the exceedance of the carriage above the base of the rug (usually 120 -180 mm). Then draw several layout options status of the pilot. They will determine the optimum contours the midsection of Streamliner. Finally, longitudinal and cross sections of the cone are specified for the navigation layout.
The creation of streamliners deals with individual designers and professional manufacturers of equipment. In the battle for speed records, use the most modern materials, computer technology and modeling. But, surprisingly, the fastest for today velomobiles “Varna” was not created by an engineer, and was the fruit of experience and talent Georgi Georgiev – sculptor by education.
V. UL
From the editor
12.09.2012, rider Sergey Dashevsky from the city of Krasnodar on Streamliner “Bowstring” design Muscovite Benjamin Ulyanovsk on spectras in Nevada (USA) set a new record of Russia – has a top speed 106,45 km/h.
The term recumbent, all wheeled vehicles muscle-powered, is used in our country since the mid-1970s On the recumbent Vita Kharkiv J. Stepchenko, as the first swallow of a new kind of vehicles, “M-K” told in No. 7 of 1976. The rest of the world so-called practical design intended for passenger transport and provided with a casing-body.