We left Russia and its underwater aspirations in a difficult moment for the country, alas, is only the first in suffering the twentieth century. Broke out in 1904, the Russo-Japanese war found Russia in a far-from-ready position. Moreover, these words can be attributed to the submarine fleet. Not just existed, there was even no development plans, no more or less suitable for “reproduction” prototype. However, the Naval Ministry had to sign an agreement with the former firm of Holland “electric boat”, for the construction at Nevsky shipyard in St. Petersburg a series of five more units in the fall of 1903. However, the chosen system (the hull was built in Russia, the equipment arrived from the US), quite reasonable for such a new business in peacetime, during the war, became a real brake. In the end, even the head “Pike” delivered to Vladivostok a few months after the fighting ended. Late to the boat from another American lake, also assembled in Russia under the scheme of peace. A similar fate befell an earlier project hollandskyi “Beluga”. The only submarine that arrived in the far East to the Tsushima defeat, became overbought at the lake’s “Protector”, aka “Sturgeon”. But he did not have time to act before the end of the war.
“EASILY TRANSPORTED PROPERTY”
Creating your armored cruisers, German Naval Ministry, headed by Admiral Tirpicz was faced with the problem, at first glance seeming ridiculous: what to do with them? In common thinking, expensive and big but not enough fast ships really were little demand. For reconnaissance and raiding actions in the oceans of their force seemed excessive, but the speed they are clearly not enough. Armored “knights” it would be reasonable to support “light infantry”: small, cheap and numerous enough ships with decent speed and range.
In the last issue we talked about last representatives of cruisers with over 20 years of ex-one of the most important and revered ships in the fleets of all the major Maritime powers. The class that developed it seems to be quite natural and successful, but which is completely and permanently disappeared from the plans of shipbuilders in just two to three years.
Huge British Navy after the Russo-Japanese war got rid of one potential enemy, Russia, is able to deliver him a lot of troubles on the ocean trade routes. But along with this tangible success achieved by the hands of others gradually arose a new, more dangerous threat in the face of Germany. The Kaiser’s fleet had not yet had enough strength to confront the British in open battle, but could deliver a lot of trouble because of his light forces. Especially small cruisers, which number increased from year to year, and the speed steadily increased from series to series.
The unsuccessful Russo-Japanese war caused a powerful flow of criticism and accusations against Russian warships, primarily cruisers. The unenviable fate of our clumsy “goddesses” swift and graceful “shestidesyatnikov”, most of them internetoffice after receiving not too extensive damage, gave rise to attacks on the very type of ocean-going armored cruisers. Somehow “suddenly” found that such ships are not able to fight in line battles (which, however, they never intended). Specialists and idle public organizations began to look for their ideal. And, in the end, found in the person of the only armored reconnaissance squadron, the cruiser “Bayan”. Meanwhile at the appearance of this cruiser does not cause such enthusiasm.
Ships rise into the air. From the moment when the English hovercraft (SVP) CR.N1 in July 1959, crossed the 32-mile Strait of Dover (or the better-known us — Pas-de-Calais) between the ports of Calais on the French coast of continental Europe, and Dover on the island Kingdom, its inventor Christopher Cockerell became famous all over the world…
The conduct of hostilities rivers are a serious obstacle to the attacking side. Not accidentally during the Second world war, a powerful defensive lines were built on their shores; suffice it to recall the well-known German Eastern wall, an important part of which became the Narva river, Sozh, Dnieper and Dairy. It is significant that after the victorious conclusion of the Battle of the Dnieper which lasted from August to December 1943 for heroism 2438 most distinguished soldiers, sergeants and officers all the armed forces was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (in just four years of the great Patriotic war awarded the gold Star medal were 11 603 warrior).
Talking about the rapid development of cruiser forces such Maritime giants like Britain, Germany, France, Russia, it would be unfair to forget about a much more modest powers of Europe, had, nevertheless, own shipbuilding tradition. These States tried to implement them into the metal, consistent with their needs and capabilities.
Copies of the first decade of the twentieth century was for all the sailors of Europe, and the English, in particular, is very tense. The terrible specter of a future war and an elusive championship in the world forced the admirals “mistress of the seas” require for growing, by leaps and bounds, the Grand fleet more ships of all classes, not just battleships. To provide intelligence for action last and to protect them from enemy light forces had the latest high-speed cruisers, and several dozen. In such situation on the foreground the luck incorrectly designed version managed to replicate even before the defects would manifest itself in the service. Fortunately for Britain, at the disposal of designers there was quite a decent naval project leader-scout “Aretusa”. The Admiralty has taken the path of least resistance (in this case it is wise) is ordered by 1913 six more cruisers of the same type, making the project only a small change. A young talented engineer, Stanley Goodall, which was led personally by the shipbuilder to the Navy, Eustace Tennis d Ankort, prepared sketches in just a few days.
The film “White sun of the desert” became a significant phenomenon in the life of our country — its popularity can be judged by how many sayings and winged expressions added to the lexicon of the Soviet people. Viewers memorable movie characters, ably played by P. Luspekaev, A. Kuznetsov, S. Mishulin, and other beautiful actors. It is worth noting that in this film in addition to animated wonderful actors played their roles and inanimate actors – one of them appeared in the film in the most dramatic of its time.