From the history of the tram car. The fact that on the tram lines of the country “standard” rolling stock occupied by the end of 1930-ies a dominant position, does not mean that he was free of flaws even for its time. First and foremost, experts have noted excessively large (14.5 tons) mass of motor cars of type “X”, which, being generally crowded with passengers, caused increased consumption of electricity. This dramatically inferior in dynamic characteristics surrounding them more intense flow of road transport, loud and unpleasant noise when driving, and quickly destroyed the railway track already laid in most of cities, buildings, that is, on the live thread. The elimination of the second control stations and door openings of the left side eased “Kharkiv” rather little, as it simultaneously had to introduce pneumatic actuator doors, the driver’s cabin and other improvements dictated by concern for safety.
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Nikolay Ilyich Kamov Is… to say it as I see numerous helicopters created under the guidance of this famous aircraft. This baby Ka-10, able to fly right out of the body “three-ton”, and the quadruple coaxial Ka-15, and the original scheme rotorcraft Ka-22, and a multi-purpose helicopter Ka-26… But the interests of N. I. Kamov is not confined only to creation helicopters. In 1957, at the request of the Ministry of communications of the USSR team CB started to develop a completely different machine — snowmobile. The first design, called “North”, resembled a passenger car, because it was created on the basis of the body of the famous “Victory.” It was chetyrehlistnyj snowmobile with an engine power of 260 HP in 1960, the first hundred of these machines started work on the carriage of mail.
In 1955 the designers of the Gorky automobile plant (GAZ) on the basis of units of army SUV GAZ-69 and the body has just launched a series of “Victory” GAZ-M20 has created a comfortable four-wheel drive car of the raised passableness, the GAZ-M72 (by the way, in official documents the “Victory” of the SUV was not called). From the episode “Victory” was taken from the supporting framework of the body (advanced reinforced and reconfigured) and body panels. However, to accommodate the transfer case designers had to remove the transverse box booster body and the longitudinal stiffener (the tunnel under the driveshaft), and in this regard to introduce 14 additional amplifiers floor, side members, roof lining and door pillars. Transmission — normally, from the “Victory”. The car was equipped with new under-engine frame for mounting leaf spring front suspension.
In 1955 the design Bureau of the Gorky automobile plant, who worked at the time on the creation of an all-wheel drive “Victory”, started designing small SUV M73 engine and a number of units from the car “Moskvich-402”. However, due to the lack of Gas capacity requirements, all documentation on the car was transferred to the Moscow plant of small cars (MZMA). Finishing “to mind” don’t take up too much time, and in 1957, four-wheel drive “Moskvich-410” was put into production.
Trucks fourth generation of GAZ-3307 GAZ — 3309. Automakers used to call generations of a group of machines based on the single structural elements (frame, cabin, engine). And speaking of cars trucks medium-duty Gorky automobile plant, then its currently the trucks GAZ-3307, GAZ-3309 or GAZ-3308 “Sadko” should be attributed to the cars of the fourth generation.
In 1989, the company The Swatch Group Ltd. (Switzerland) engaged in the design compact city car of the original design, and in 1993, the company Mercedes-Benz has developed a feasibility study of production of this car. The first Smart prototype was presented to the public in September 1995 at the International motor show in Frankfurt. Production of mini-car and pre-sales in Europe began in July 1998.
As a rule, such date if marks any event, it is certainly not prosperous. But with the first British jet bomber “Canberra” the opposite happened: it was Friday, may 13, 1949 he made the first flight, and more than half a century faithfully served on different continents. Here and believe after that in signs!
Every few minutes the conveyor of the Leningrad production Association “Kirov plant” comes a brand new tractor K-701 “Kirovets”. Thousands of these machines working in the fields of the country. The operators proudly call “Kirova” steppe warriors. And their assessment is fair. K-701 is the most powerful agricultural tractor in the USSR. It features high efficiency, simple operation, comfortable cabin. Kirovets popular abroad. Witness the gold medals of international exhibitions and fairs in Budapest, Plovdiv, Zagreb. These tractors are being exported to Canada, Italy, Australia. More than six thousand of these surefire machines working in socialist countries.
Few people of Leningrad, occupancies that August day in 1935, near the Peter and Paul fortress, the Neva river, witnessed the unusual spectacle. On the river, confidently slicing through low, the wave, floated… tanks. Here all seven turned sharply to the shore, and a few minutes of armored amphibians were already on the sand. Thus ended a 600-kilometer test transition amphibious tanks T-37 on the rivers Luga, Shelon, lake Ilmen and further along the new Ladoga canal and the Neva river.
We have already seen how the Italian designers and consistently enough for the purpose to improve the quality of their light cruisers of the “condottieri”. However, with all the advantages come down to a decent level of protection, the armament remained the same — eight 152-mm guns, which, moreover, could not be called rapid-fire. Even on paper they are inferior competitors last generation from other countries. For example, the British, with their twelve 6-dyuymovymi, not to mention pyatnadcatiletnij the Japanese and the Americans. If the meeting with the latter seemed unlikely because of the terms of policy and geography, Britain remained among the most likely opponents. More likely the traditional “foe” was France, just started building a new strong light cruisers “La Galissoniere”. Were in the ranks “, condotieri” potentially lost a duel such formidable adversaries.