With the end of the Civil war in Russia and the formation of the Soviet Union began intensive development of commercial aviation. July 15, 1923, opened the first regular air line Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod. For three and a half months by air it was transported by 270 people. In the following year there was a line Odessa – Kharkov, Moscow – Kharkov, and others. The development of Civil aviation is objectively required the creation of a passenger aircraft. One of the developers of passenger “air carriers” was the aircraft factory No. 1, former “Dux”, where in 1925, the engineering team headed by H. H. Polikarpov, and A. A. Semenov established a five-plane PM-1.
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