The superiority of the American fleet at sea after the Second world war was so undisputed that the creation of new warships, with the exception of aircraft carriers for the United States look out of date. Even with the advent of the only potential rival — the Soviet Union — high-speed submarines (first new diesel and then nuclear) not only changed the situation. At the disposal of the American admirals had bend pretty new destroyers, which were redirected to the new challenges. One of the most ambitious in the history of fleet upgrades — FRAM (Fleet Rehabilitation And Modernisation programme restoration and modernisation of the fleet) the ships of the PLO became more than 130 destroyers “Fletcher”, “Gearing” and “Allen M. Sumner” (see “modelist-Konstruktor” No. 8 in 2002). Updated the ships it provided the needs of the escort and anti-submarine service in the decade ahead.
THE GENERATION OF LOSERS
This famous French company was founded in 1909 talented avtostroitelei and organizer Ettore Bugatti. The first independent development of the newborn company became the vehicle of model “13” — twin passenger car with four-cylinder engine working volume of 1,327 L. in Parallel, the firm has developed a compact car BUGATT116, which became the prototype for the famous PEUGEOT BEBE. Until 1914 — the outbreak of the First world war, Bugatti has released a number of cars, which stood powerful 19 ROLAND GAROS with a 5-liter engine capacity of 100 HP
Israeli fighter “Kfir”. In 1967 the French President Charles de Gaulle banned the supply of arms to Israel. This decision was a response to the Israeli attack on the neighboring Arab countries, which is known as the “six day war”. Under the ban got the 50 “Mirage” M5J. Desire to obtain their aircraft, in spite of bans, prompted the Israelis to search the other way. In the same year representatives of the company IAI (Israel Aircraft Industries – Israel Aircraft Industry) began negotiating with Dassault on the issue of licensed production of the fifth “Mirage”. A sudden obstacle in the form of an embargo, President de Gaulle, in calculation were not accepted. Representatives of Dassault, believed that this prohibition applies only to state enterprises. In late 1967 negotiations successfully ended with the signing of the contract. Thus, the Israelis have at their disposal all the necessary documentation and paper-modern technology. But it was only a glider, though with all systems, and it lacked the main engine.
Dedicated to the memory of General designer Mikhail Kuzmich Yangelya. In issue No. 7 of 2000 published an article “the workhorse of the launch sites” dedicated booster light class — “Kosmos-3M”. It’s time to tell the readers more about the earlier work (now quite forgotten), the famous Dnepropetrovsk CB “South”— the first Russian carrier rocket light class that took indexes 63С1 and 11К63 and an open name “Kosmos-2”. In this article the author talks about the rocket when it is presented the detailed drawing, executed on full-scale model, on display in the National aerospace education center of Ukraine in Dnepropetrovsk.
If the United States and England after the Second world war had to think about a reasonable reduction of their naval forces, the main Mediterranean-sea powers, France and Italy, tormented by a completely different headache. Despite the fact that one of these countries were in the ranks of the winners and the other losers among, the problems they had about the same. In the fire of war is almost completely burned both of the once mighty fleet. As soon as the economy managed to overcome the destruction of the war, there has been a strong recovery of the French and Italian fleets. This situation largely contributed to the more rapid renewal of all classes of warships, including the escort.
In November 2001, 55 journalists from leading automobile magazines that were part of the international jury, called the PEUGEOT 307 “European car of 2002”. Has not passed also two years as the firm, building on the success of the model, released on the basis of the 307 th stylish coupe-cabriolet hardtop — PEUGEOT 307 CC.
Vertical take-off fighter RYAN X-13 VERTIJET. In our day, aviation experts, it is difficult to surprise aircraft with variable thrust vectoring, or with gas rudders and the vertical take-off planes. But few people know that all these solutions were first implemented on a small experimental plane X-13 VERTUET established aviation firm Ryan in the early 50-ies of the last century.
In August 1942, the armaments Department of the land forces of the Wehrmacht developed tactical and technical requirements for a heavy tank designed in the future to replace the recently released “Fever” — Pz.VI Ausf.E (see “modelist-Konstruktor” No. 7, 2003). On the new machine was supposed to use the constructed in 1941 by the Krupp 88 mm KwK 43 gun with a barrel length of 71 caliber. In the fall of 1942 to the design of the tank began firm Henschel and the design office of Ferdinand Porsche, once again competing with Erwin Aders.
Ferrucio Lamborghini in his youth, after the Second world war, was fond of a remake of the serial “Fiats” in sports cars. In the early 1960-ies Lamborghini attempted to create a prestigious and expensive sports car with a V12 engine, but the car is not really stood out from the mass of machinery-classmates.
The appearance in the USSR Armed Forces helicopter Mi-4 with a lifting capacity of 2000 kg originally destined to transport paratroopers, immediately attracted the attention of numerous security forces, and GVF. Was no exception and the Navy. Before him opened a wide perspective on the use of Mi-4 not only for the delivery of paratroopers, but also to perform search and rescue operations at sea, minesweeping, search of submarines (the threat of which is constantly growing) and as a torpedo bomber.