Two LEDs with different color (e.g., red and green), you can build a simple indicator for voltages from 4.5 to 220 V. It is also able to determine the polarity of the source in the range 8-220 V. When measuring AC voltage, both diode glow, but if it is constant — lights one of them depending on the wiring polarity indicator. The scheme proposed by the Czechoslovak journal “Amaterske Radio”.UNIVERSAL INDICATOR
Two LEDs with different color (e.g., red and green), you can build a simple indicator for voltages from 4.5 to 220 V. It is also able to determine the polarity of the source in the range 8-220 V. When measuring AC voltage, both diode glow, but if it is constant — lights one of them depending on the wiring polarity indicator. The scheme proposed by the Czechoslovak journal “Amaterske Radio”.
The well-known school electroscope, which demonstrate the phenomena of electrostatics, determines only the presence of electrostatic charge. What is it, positive or negative, we can only guess. This shortage is deprived of the device designed for young hams syut Nadvirna town, Ivano-Frankivsk region. It not only determines the sign of the charge, but also its approximate size.
Our magazine has already told about this exciting game, made on the electromagnetic relay (see “M-K” №1, 1976). And today hams instead of contact devices are widely used in their structures with modern elements as transistors, thyristors, LEDs, integrated circuits. New versions of the game “Who is faster?” with the use of such devices and readers.
Instead of bulky and uncomfortable electrostatic machines Wimshurst, coils Ruhmkorff in high school physics classrooms are increasingly high voltage converters voltage. They can be used to Pro* led experiments in such branches of physics as electrostatics and current in gases. We offer our readers “e-stick” — one of those devices.
As you know, the greater the number of elements in the design, so it is less reliable. To increase the reliability of electronic devices and selection circuitry. This will be the conversation below.
Permissible variation of AC voltage in household electrical network In the 220 — ±5 %. A more significant increase in voltage may result in damage to consumers of electric energy. In the cities, compared to villages, mains is more stable, which is ensured by the presence of numerous compensation substations, powerful transformers which equalize” voltage with changes in energy consumption However, in spite of it. in the evening and night hours, especially in summer (when not in use electric heating devices) due to the natural reduction in electricity consumption (all asleep), the voltage could rise to 245 — 250 V.
Electronic control units of tension are not new in modern developments. The proposed device differs from the majority of them use as the base timer КР1006ВИ1 and unusual sound effect that is activated if the power of controlled DC voltage, thanks to the use of flashing LEDs L36- piezoelectric capsule with a built-in generator emits a sound similar to the siren of the fire truck.
Electronic devices and components, in the terminal stages which employ electromagnetic relays, to this day has not lost its relevance among radio Amateurs. Despite competition from thyristors and optoelectronic devices, circuits control the load devices remain niche where the solenoid is indispensable. Their popularity among radio Amateurs due to the low cost, versatility (multiple groups of contacts), high reliability, compactness of the housing. Therefore, the use of low-power relay becomes the optimal solution when switching electronic components medium to high power high-voltage electric circuits (in the limited dimensions of the devices).
It can be used for protection of vehicles, equipment of various premises. The “key” to the lock is a combination that is dialed using the three buttons. Easy change of code, the possibility of using two-digit combination that is easy to remember, low voltage power and small size are the main advantages of the proposed design.
Among the many electronic devices a special place is occupied by a simple acoustic alarms, sensors which thanks to its versatility can be used in the home is almost unlimited: from security systems to automated switches or as parts of more complex devices activated by noise (acoustic) impact. For example, warning of high levels of noise in the room (now such devices is becoming more important). As a special case, acoustic sensors can be used even in the foci, for example, on a Christmas tree, when the words “Christmas Tree!” will automatically turn on the light garlands.