at the beginning of last century, the pilots noticed that the landing of the aircraft when the height was commensurate with the chord of his wing, there is an additional lifting force, and became more volatile. “The nature of The” additional forces did not understand but came up with the name: “airbag”. Later, after the emergence of the theory of inductive resistance with this phenomenon understood, and it received a scientific classification: “proximity Effect of the earth.” Subsequently, this effect is divided into two components: dynamic air cushion that is created due to the inhibition of air flow under the unit and its supporting surface, and the effect of ground proximity, which is tied exclusively to decrease the inductive component of the aerodynamic drag of the wing.
Read more
The fighter I-200 was developed from November 1939 under the leadership of H. H. Polikarpov, and then A. I. Mikoyan and M. I. Gurevich. The first flight took place on 5 April 1940 the Serial production of I-200 at the factory number 1 in Moscow started in June 1940 under the designation MiG-1. The MiG-3 differed from the MiG-1 with a modified wing, larger wheels and an increased fuel capacity with partial installation of the tanks. The majority of fighters were armed with one 12.7 mm and two 7.62 mm machine guns, from February 1941, some of them got two 12.7-mm machine gun. The plane could carry up to 220 kg bombs or six rockets.
The car has received the designation IL-400. This first domestic fighter created after the revolution, aroused great interest from other designers, in particular, of D. P. Grigorovich. Engineer A. A. Krylov later wrote: “after Learning about the work of the group Polikarpov, Grigorovich engineer called to his office I and engineer V. Kalinin and says do we want to start to design a fighter and what we stand for when we rightly should start the project of a fighter. We responded in full agreement. On the same day, Grigorovich and Kalinin started mapping plane. The next day (through the night) they brought me a scheme for aerodynamic calculation that was me done for the night. On the third day, we had prepared preliminary design and aerodynamic calculation, and submitted to the aviation Department along with the Polikarpov fighter. The plane was named And-1”.
Military transport aircraft, being developed by “Aerospatiale” (France), “British aerospace” (England), DАSА (Germany) and CASA (Spain), intended for the carriage of goods weighing up to 32 tonnes, including 120 equipped troops, helicopters an-66 Tiger, NH-90, as well as artillery guns, in particular, howitzers М110А caliber 203 mm jet systems of volley fire. The power plant consists of four gas-turbine engine with propeller fans. The aircraft is equipped with a system of refueling in flight. Four wing-mounted nodes possible suspension assemblies refueling aircraft fuel in flight or containers, electronic countermeasures.
Despite the high performance, engines and avionics of the Il-76 aircraft leave much to be desired. Excessive noise and emission of pollutants to the environment, made it impossible for flights of Il-76 over the border. In this regard, the engines D-30KP replaced with PS-90A-76, reinforced center section and updated equipment. In particular, instead of flight, navigation and sighting complex K-II-76 established “Kupol-III-76M-VD” shown on two multifunction liquid crystal display. Use PS-90A-76 is allowed to increase the capacity of the machine to 2 t, the height of the airfield up to 3000 m above sea level and a range of almost 1,000 km.
Taking into account the experience of glider landing operations of the allies during the Second world war, the Soviet government also decided to provide for their airborne troops in large gliders capable of carrying heavy weapons. The decision was taken in 1947 By this time, the team of V. K. Gribovsky was already disbanded and specifications for the design of heavy gliders got the design Bureau of A. S. Yakovlev and S. Ilyushin.
Supersonic aircraft F100D Super Sabre. During the Korean war, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, in service with the us strike aircraft consisted of jet planes F-86 “saber” (“Sabre”) and the F-94 (“Starfire”) with transonic speeds. These machines served in first line until the mid 1950-ies, when they began to be replaced by new, this time a supersonic aircraft. New generation cars to be called Centuty fighters (fighters of the century) or “acres”, according to their numerical index. First among these has been the aircraft of the company “North American”, which received the designation F-100 “Super sabre”.
The development of military transport aircraft (MTC) An-70 intended to replace the An-12, began in 1986 After seven years of tactical and technical requirements specified, wherein, based on the need to transport a medium tank, the maximum capacity of the machine increased up to 47 T. the Peculiarity of the aircraft were four gas-turbine engine with coaxial propeller-fans and fly-by-wire control system In aircraft design is widely used composite materials. The first flight of the An-70 took place on 16 December 1994 10 February 1995 and the plane crashed. To continue testing built a second model, testing and refinement which is ongoing.
As a rule, such date if marks any event, it is certainly not prosperous. But with the first British jet bomber “Canberra” the opposite happened: it was Friday, may 13, 1949 he made the first flight, and more than half a century faithfully served on different continents. Here and believe after that in signs!