From the very beginning of the history of water transport designers and engineers sought to give the courts the ability to move with the greatest speed. It was necessary to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the hull. The race for “Ghost of speed” led to the most radical solution -to completely eliminate contact of the hull with the water surface! This was made possible thanks to the creation of wig – the courts break the wings.
Firm “Gather of waggonfabrik” (better known as just “goth”) at the end of the 1930s, released the first batch of ten-seat amphibious gliders DFS 230 was developed in the German Institute for the development of gliding (Deutches Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug, abbreviated DFS) under the direction of G. Jacobs. At the plant “goth” production of the DFS 230 was engaged in engineer A. Kalkert. Taking a series of DFS 230, Kalkert thought on creating a larger glider capable of carrying 20 soldiers with full equipment, and oversized cargo. He had to have a large hatch with size approximately equal to the cross section of the fuselage, and upper wing. The cargo hatch designer decided to make a hinged tail of the fuselage, as the nose of the glider could get damaged when landing (which often happens). This entailed the use of twin-boom tail. This layout was previously known, but was first applied to aircraft of this size.
What only nicknames and designations were attributed to it (sometimes intentionally) that, until recently, a top-secret aircraft, “Lame Goblin”, “Ghost”, “Ghost”, “Rocket bat”, “Blue Mary”, “Nighthawk”, “Aurora”, CSIWRS, COSIRS, CSIRS, F-19, RF-19, A-19, AR-19, F-25. Now it is know as the F-117A “night hawk” (“Nighthawk”)… the History of the airplane has its roots in the beginning of 70-ies. Development of technological methods for creation of stealth aircraft / vehicles began in the United States, likely in the mid 60-ies. The next step in this direction was the attempt of building with application of the developed technology aircraft low level giveaways, i.e. demonstrators.
For more than six months of heavy fighting on land, at sea and in the air. The Soviet warriors and the creators of the weapons – designers of tanks, guns, ships and planes – accumulated front-line experience. Started in 1942…
Helicopter S-55 Sikorsky Aircraft company, part of United Aircraft Corporation, was designed and built in the late 1940-ies, during the period of rapid progress in the global helicopter industry, becoming a significant success of its designer, Igor Sikorsky. By this time, the aircraft designers and military ceased to consider helicopters as merely exotic aircraft. Before them were staged combat missions of a wide range of: supplying troops in remote areas, landing, fight enemy submarines, aerial photography, rescue of crews of downed aircraft, setting smoke screens, laying communication lines, and aerial surveillance.
The development of aircraft, initially under the designation C-80 OKB. Sukhoi started at the initiative of M. P. Simonov in the early 1990s in the framework of the conversion of the defense industry. Two years later, finally formed the shape of the aircraft as a high-performance vehicle intended for passenger and cargo transportation on domestic routes and is able to replace the outdated machines of similar purpose. The prototype C-80 with the turbo-propeller engine TVD-1500 was calculated to transport 24 passengers or 2500 kg of cargo. However, the domestic TVD the time is not ripe and had to rely on ST7-9V of the company “General electric” (USA). With them the plane could carry up to 26 passengers or 3,500 kg of cargo.
The peak of development of hydroaviation was in the middle of the 1930-ies. The main advantage of amphibians compared to ground vehicles, flying over extensive areas, it was considered a possibility to land on water surface in case of an emergency, even with waves up to five points. But as time went on. The reliability and service life of the aircraft led to the rapid displacement of the seaplane first with the airlines and then military aircraft. Operation of land planes was easier, and their weight returns payload, as well as a high aerodynamic efficiency has reduced the cost of commercial transportation. The development of the airfield network and other transport arteries, and the appearance of helicopters resulted in an almost complete elimination of the flying boat in commercial aviation. There was only a small segment of the lungs of amphibians, serving tourists and residents of remote, “forgotten God” corners of the Earth.
In the mid-fifties of the last century the theme of vertical take-off aircraft excited the minds of the designers and the military in many countries. Was no exception and West Germany. After graduating in 1955, G. ban on the development and production of military aircraft of the German defense Ministry proposed to create a modern fighter-interceptor. Research conducted a year later, the firm “Heinkel” and “Messerschmitt”, showed that for a fighter with a high supersonic speed will require a new, extra-long runway.
